Topics

 SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
 ORIGIN
 DESCRIPTION
 OIL PROPERTIES
 OIL EXTRACTION
 MARKET
 APPLICATIONS & BLENDS WITH
 SIDE EFFECTS
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Order:Myrtales
Family:Myrtaceae
Genus:Eucalyptus
Synonyms---Blue
Tree,Gum Tree, Stringy
Bark Tree.
Eucalyptus melliodora foliage and flowers
E.GLOBULUS E.AUSTRALIANA E.CITRIDORA

SPECIES OF EUCALYPTUS
1. E.GLOBULUS-LEAVES
2. E.STAIGERIANA-WOOD & LEAVES
3. E.CITRIDORA-WOOD & LEAVES
4. E.CAMALDULENSIS-WOOD & LEAVES
5. E.AUSTRALIANA - LEAVES
6. E.SMITHII -LEAVES
 ORIGIN
 EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS

 Eucalyptus is a tall evergreen tree native to Australia,

including Tasmania but now grows prolifically in North
and South Africa, China, India, southern Europe and
California, USA and other Mediterranean and subtropical
regions around the world.
 The Australian Blue-gum can sometimes reaches a height
of 100 meters (300 feet), making it one of the highest
trees in the world. There are over 500 species of
Eucalyptus trees, with tough long and narrow blue-green
leaves, creamy white flowers and smooth pale bark.
 The 'eu' and 'kalypto' means 'well' and 'covered' in Greek,
As the flowers in bud are covered with a cup-like
membrane (whence the name of the genus, derived from
the Greek eucalyptos well-covered), which is thrown off
as a lid when the flower expands.
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
 E.GLOBULUS

 The young trees have oval

bluish-green leaves while the
mature trees develop long,
narrow, yellowish leaves,
creamy-white flowers and a
smooth, pale grey bark.
 The leaves are leathery in
texture, hang obliquely or
vertically, and are studded
with glands containing a
fragrant volatile oil.
 The fruit is surrounded by a
woody, cupshaped receptacle
and contains numerous
minute seeds.
 The timber is strong and
durable and has been used
for a variety of purposes
including railway sleepers,
piles, paper making, oil and
honey.
 The tree coppices has been
used for fuel.
 The essential oil of
eucalyptus is obtained from
the leaves of the eucalyptus
tree from sps. Of Eucalyptus
globulus', also known as the
fever tree.
OIL EXTRACTION
 THE PROCESS
 Steam distillation is employed in the manufacture of
essential oil, for instance, perfumes. In this method steam is
passed through the plant material i.e. leaves containing the
desired oils. It is also employed in the synthetic procedures
of complex organic compounds. Eucalyptus oil is obtained
by this method in industrial scale
 When the water is boiled, the steam passed through the
leaves separating the oil from the plant cells and carried it
over in a vaporous state into a long pipe which acted as a
condenser. The pipe was attached to the still at the top and
passed under the water of a stream . The oil and water
condensed in the pipe and flowed into a suitable receptacle
where the oil floated on the surface of the water and was
collected.
 Apart from any primary utilization of the stem wood if the oil
is produced from "waste" leaf, it is still possible to make use
of both spent leaf (that is, the material remaining after
distillation of the oil)

 Spent leaf can be used as a boiler fuel . The remainder may

be returned to the fields to serve as a fertilizer (or a mulch if
conditions require it) or it may be converted to compost and
sold to provide an additional source of income.
 OIL PROPERTIES
 It is a colourless or straw-coloured fluid when properly
prepared, with a characteristic odour and taste, soluble in
its own weight of alcohol.
 The most important constituent is Eucalyptol/cineole
present in E. globulus up to 70 per cent of its volume.
 It consists chiefly of a terpene and a cymene. Eucalyptus
Oil contains also, after exposure to the air, a
crystallizable resin, derived from Eucalyptol.
 The main chemical components of eucalyptus oil are Up
to 3.5% volatile oil (with up to 70% eucalyptol/cineole,
plus terpineole and pinene), polyphenolic acids
(including caffeic and gallic), flavonoids (including
eucalyptin, hyperoside and rutin), tannins, aldehydes,
bitter resin, a-pinene, b-pinene, a-phellandrene, 1,8-
cineole, limonene, terpinen-4-ol, aromadendrene,
epiglobulol, piperitone and globulol.
 The yield of oil from the leaves from forest trees varies
from 0.75 to 1.25 per cent and from cultivated trees up to
2 per cent.
 Odour: fresh,Camphoraceous odour
 Taste: Pungent, spicy, cooling taste .
 Molecular formula of cineole (eucalyptol): C10H18O
 Molecular weight: 154.25
 Solubility: Insoluble in water , Soluble 1 in 5 of alcohol
70%, Miscible with alcohol (90%), dehydrated alcohol,
oils, fats and paraffins ,ether, chloroform, glacial acetic
acid.
 Boiling point of cineole (eucalyptol): 176°C to 177°C.
 Density of cineole (eucalyptol) 0.921 to 0.923
 Refractive index: 1.4600 to 1.4690 at 20°
 Specific gravity: 0.905 to 0.925 at 25° C
 MARKET
 World production and trade in eucalyptus oils is dominated by
the People's Republic of China, which is the largest producer of
cineole-rich medicinal oils (about 70 percent of world output
and trade) and perfumery oil.
 Globally, the European Community is the largest importer of
eucalyptus oils and recorded imports for the period 1984-90
 Within Europe, France, Germany and the UK are the
major markets for eucalyptus oil-based products. In 1990
their combined imports amounted to 1840 tonnes.
 Quality and prices
 The value of eucalyptus oil for medicinal purposes lies in
its cineole content, which largely determines, also, the
price that it fetches.
 USES
 The oils may be roughly divided into three classes of commercial
importance:
 (1) the medicinal oils, which contain substantial amounts of
eucalyptol (also known as cineol);
 (2) the industrial oils, containing terpenes, which are used for
flotation purposes in mining operations;
 (3) the aromatic oils, , which are characterized by their aroma.
 A good ointment for the skin, containing antiseptic and
healing properties. It produces very satisfactory results in
scurf, chapped hands, chafes, dandruff, tender feet,
enlargements of the glands, spots on the chest, arms, back
and legs, pains in the joints and muscles.
 Because of Eucalyptol pleasant spicy aroma and taste,
eucalyptol is used in flavorings, fragrances, and
cosmetics. It is also an ingredient in many brands of
mouthwash and cough suppressant.
 Burners and vaporizers
 In vapor therapy,
eucalyptus oil may be
used for: frequent
sneezing, hay fever, flu,
respiratory problems, as
an insect repellant,
headaches and for Cough, Cold, Flu
helping to improve and Allergy Relief:
concentration. to assist
with arthritis, asthma,
bronchitis, mucous
congestion, colds,
headaches, rheumatism,
sinusitis, catarrh, fatigue
and muscular aches and Vaporizer
pains.
 Backache,
 In a cream or lotion Sprains,
Headache,
 Apart from giving pain Neck Pain,
relief to muscular spasms Sports Injuries,
and rheumatism, and Arthritis
eucalyptus oil can also Pain:
help speed up the healing
of slow healing wounds
and ulcers, calm skin
eruptions and clear In creams
congested skin.

Skin care creams and lotions.

 Used neat or dab on with a bud
 Eucalyptus oil can be used neat
on the skin for insect bites or For insect bites
wounds, but care should be
taken when doing so.

 Gargle
 When very diluted eucalyptus
oil is added to a gargle, so it
can be used for soothing a sore
throat.
 Eucalyptus oil has a cooling
and deodorizing effect on the
body, helping with fevers,
migraine and malaria. It Gargle
soothes inflammation and
eases mucus, clearing the head
from the stuffiness of colds and
hay fever.
 Anti-bacterial [an agent that
destroys bacteria;
bactericide]
 Anti-malarial [an agent to
ease symptoms of malaria]
 Antiseptic [an agent for
inhibiting the growth of
microorganism on living
tissue or destroying
pathogenic or putrefactive
bacteria]
 Antispasmodic [an agent
which relieves or eases
muscular spasms, cramps or
convulsions]
 Aromatic [a substance having
an agreeable odor and EUCALYPTUS OIL
stimulating qualities]
 Corrective [restoring to a
healthy state]
 Disinfectant [an agent that
cleanses infection by
destroying or inhibiting the
activity of disease-producing
micro-organisms; antiseptic]

Disinfectant
 Expectorant [an agent that
promotes the discharge of
mucous and secretions from
the respiratory passages, i.e.
loosens phlegm in the
respiratory passages] Expectorant
 IN COSMETICS
 Blended massage oil or
in the bath
 Eucalyptus oil can be
used in blended
massage oil, or diluted
in the bath
Massage oil

 Deodorant
 an agent used to inhibit
or mask unpleasant
odors

Deodorant
 ALSO USED
 Herbal bath products
 Soaps and shampoos
 Creams
 Body scrubs
 Toothpaste and mouth
washes In soaps and shampoos

 Shaving creams

Body scrubs with Tooth paste Cream

eucalyptus oil
 In aromatherapy,
this essential oil
helps to clear the
mind and focus
concentration
 OTHER USES
 Eucalyptus Oil used as an
inhalant in :
 asthma
 bronchitis

 colds

 coughs

 influenza

 loosens phlegm

 sore throat

 Fainting (used like smelling salts - Inhaler

place 1-2 drops of Eucalyptus oil on
a cloth and hold under the nose of
the person who has fainted)
 helps reduce fevers
 helps reduce inflammation
 helps relieve chronic ear infections
 As a local application for:
 burns
 growths
 infection
 offensive smelling wounds
 preventing sepsis
 pyorrhea
 sores
 ulcers
 Blends Well With
Most herbs, like Thyme, Marjoram, Rosemary, Lavender,
Cedarwood, Myrtle Lemon, Frankincense, pine and
lemon.

Eucalyptus is a very dominant aroma that never takes the

"back seat" in a blend.
 SIDE EFFECTS
HIGH INTERNAL USAGE IS TOXIC
 In large doses, it acts as an irritant to the kidneys, by which
it is largely excreted, and as a marked nervous depressant
ultimately arresting respiration by its action on the
medullary centre.
 Combing eucalytus oil with massage oil or for any use
reduces the chance of irratation.
 Do not use on sun burn skin or wide open wounds.
 Eucalyptus should not be used by persons with:
 bile duct inflammatory disease
 high blood pressure
 inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract
 inflammation of the kidneys
 liver disease
 Eucalyptus should not be used by women who are:
 breastfeeding
 pregnant
 Side effects from the
internal use of eucalyptus
can include nausea, DANGEROUS ??
vomiting, and diarrhea.
 Also may cause oil
poisoning .

 For children
 Eucalyptus oil should not be
used by infants and children
under the age of two,
especially near the face and
nose, due to the risk of
airway spasm and possible
cessation of breathing.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTERNET
 www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/e/eucaly14.html

 www.anu.edu.au/Forestry/wood/nwfp/eucoil/eucoil.html

BOOKS
 PDR-for herbal medicines

 Eucalyptus - John J.W.coppen

 Essential oil &waxes –H.F. linskens & J.K. Jackson

THANK YOU