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Muo Introductionppt

This document provides an introduction to mechanical operations, which are basic steps in chemical engineering processes that mainly deal with particles of different sizes. It defines mechanical operations and unit operations, and explains their applications in industries like petrochemicals, plastics, pulp and paper. The document outlines some key mechanical operations like size reduction, mixing, separation, and gives examples. It also provides an overview of what is learned in mechanical operations and recommends textbooks on the topic.

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youga Sri
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124 views

Muo Introductionppt

This document provides an introduction to mechanical operations, which are basic steps in chemical engineering processes that mainly deal with particles of different sizes. It defines mechanical operations and unit operations, and explains their applications in industries like petrochemicals, plastics, pulp and paper. The document outlines some key mechanical operations like size reduction, mixing, separation, and gives examples. It also provides an overview of what is learned in mechanical operations and recommends textbooks on the topic.

Uploaded by

youga Sri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHANICAL

OPERATIONS
Lecture 1
Introduction to Unit Operations

K.YOUGASRI (DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,BVRIT)

B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 1


INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Chemical engineering is the
study of a group of industrial
processes in which raw
materials are changed or
separated into useful products. Engineering
Raw materials
Chemist:
• To create new substance.
• To study its properties. Products
• To investigate all possible pathways
from one substance to another.

Chemical engineering:
• To design the most optimal technology for
production of specified substance and raw
material.
• To develop and discover new technology
B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 2
Definition of Mechanical unit operation
• In chemical engineering and related fields , a unit
operation is a basic step of process.
• MO is mainly dealing with the particles of
different sizes.
• MO is a multidisciplinary field including fields of
material science, environmental, mechanical,
agriculture, microbiology , food technology,
pharmacy and medicine
B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 3
History of the term “Unit Operation”
• Historically, the different chemical industries were regarded
as different industrial processes and with different principles.

• Arthur Dehon Little propounded the concept of "unit


operations" to explain industrial chemistry processes in 1916.

• In 1923, William H.Walker, Warren K. Lewis and William H.


McAdams wrote the book The Principles of Chemical
Engineering and explained the variety of chemical industries
have processes which follow the same physical laws. They
summed-up these similar processes into unit operations.
• Each unit operation follows the same physical laws and may
be used in all chemical industries.
• The unit operations form the fundamental principles of
B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 4
chemical engineering.
Introduction to Unit Processes and Unit Operation
Unit Operations (chemical changes) Unit Operations (physical changes)
• Processes that involve only physical
• Materials as a result of chemical changes to materials is termed as Unit
reaction. Unit processes Operation
• are also referred to as chemical
conversions. • Mechanical Separations
• Chemical Reactions • Fluid Mechanics
• Biochemical processes • Process Heat transfer
• Nitration • Mass Transfer
• Oxidation • Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer

 Unit operations (physical change ) may be tied with the unit process(chemical change).
 Example: when heat flow into an endothermic reaction.
 The unit operation( physical change) may also be distinctly separated from the unit
process( chemical change)
 Example: floe of fluid , liquid is moved from one part of an industrial establishment to
another.
B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 5
Physical change or chemical change
• What change occurs during conversion of water into ice ?
NO CHEMICAL CHANGE
• Is there any change in making of sugar solution?
NO CHEMICAL CHANGE
• Combustion of wood Chemical
• Combustion of natural gas change
• Rusting of iron
• Drying
Physical
• Heating/cooling
change
• Crushing of stones
• Separation
• Distillation

B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 6


Mechanical operations

SIZE REDUCTION :CUTTING, CRUSHING


TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF
SOLIDS
Unit operations SOLID FLUID MIXING
on solid, liquid
Mechanical
SOLID FLUID MIXING
and gases operations
FLUID SOLID SEPARATION:
SEDEMINTATION, FILTRATION
MASS TRANSFER
HEAT TRANSFER
FLUID FLOW

B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 7


Applications of Mechanical operation:

• Petrochemicals, petroleum and natural gas processing


• Plastics and polymers
• Pulp and paper
• Fertilizers, Pesticides
• Alcohol Industry
• Cryogenics
• Instrumentation and process control
• Energy conversion and utilisation
• Environmental control
• Food processing
• Composite materials, corrosion and protective coatings
• Manufacture of microelectronic components
• Pharmaceuticals and many more….
B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 8
Pulp Production from Wood Chips

B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 9


What to know about MO ?
• All unit operations obey simple physical laws
• Knowledge of laws which is governing a specific
unit operation is necessary.
• The information about the type of equipment
capable of operation /conversion at a large scale
is necessary

B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 10


What do we learn in MO ?
• Particulate solid characterization
• Transportation and storage of solids
• Size reduction of solid
• Separation of solids from solids based on size
• Agitation and mixing of fluids
• separation of solid from solid, separation of solid from fluid
• Size enlargement of solid
• Introduction to nanoparticles

B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 11


Textbooks for Reference

• UnitOperations of Chemical
Engineering by Warren McCabe,
Julian Smith, Peter Harriott,
Publisher: McGraw Hill
Education
• Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical
Engineering Volume 2:Particle
Technology and Separation Processes
by J. F. Richardson, J. H. Harker and
J.
R. Backhurst, Publisher: Butterworth-
Heinemann

B.V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 12

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