CAVITE MUTINY

1872
Alcala
David
Fernandez
Jose
Marzo
Background of
the Issue

In 1872, a mutiny was executed by Filipinos against the Spanish friars which
occurred in San Felipe Fort, Cavite.
There are 2 different versions and 3 written accounts regarding the mutiny incident.
Meet the
Authors of the
Documents
Who wrote it?
Who read/received it? When is it from? Where is it from?
 Spanish Version

Jose Montero y Vidal

Spanish Historian & Government Official residing in Manila during the Cavite Mutiny
His book Historia General de Filipinas was produced in Madrid in 1895
 Official Report

Rafael Izquierdo
The Governor General during the Cavite Mutiny
His report was sent to the Central Government in Madrid, Spain
 Filipino Version

Pardo de Tavera
Filipino Scholar, Scientist, Historical Researcher
Census of the Philippine Islands, 1903
The Content of
the Document
Spanish Version
(What was the document talking about?) • What caused the mutiny
• Who were involved
• What happened before, during and after the mutiny

Filipino Version
• The state between Filipinos and Spanish government
• Clarification of the cause of the mutiny and the people
involved
(Notes at slide 15-22)
• What happened before, during and after the mutiny
Document Spanish Version
Summary • The Filipinos executed a mutiny led by the native clergy to
overthrow the Spanish government.
• This was fueled by dirty propagandas carried on by
uncontrolled press, democratic, liberal and republican
books and pamphlets reaching the Philippines.

Filipino Version
• Native filipino soldiers and laborers were displeased by
Izquierdo’s official act of abolishing their privileges which
caused the mutiny in San Felipe Fort, Cavite.
 Spanish Version (Izquierdo’s Official Report)
Quoted Author’s Purpose: To report the incident headed by the native clergy

Evidences and to strengthen the friars’ power in such affairs.

Evidence: “The insurrection was motivated and prepared by the native
clergy, by the mestizos, and native lawyers...”

for
“…and instead continued a vigilant watch wherever possible within the
limited means at my command. I had everything ready, taking into
account the limited peninsular force which composes the army.”
Determining Filipino Version
the Author’s Author’s Purpose: To prove the innocence of the native clergy,

Purpose intellectuals, and other Filipinos and clarify what really happened in
and caused the mutiny.
Evidence: “The persecutions which began under Governor Izquierdo
were based on false assumptions that the Filipino were desirous of
independence, and although this was an unfounded accusation, there
were many martyrs to the cause, whom were found many of the most
intelligent and well-to-do people...”
 What was When the Official Report was written…
happening • Philippines was under the Spanish rule.

at the time • The Central Government in Spain decided to deprive

the friars the power to intervene in Philippine

of the government affairs as well as in the direction and

management of schools.

history
When the Filipino Version was written…
• 5 years after the Spanish rule ended.
• The country was already modernized and westernized.
 Other sources used

HTTP://NHCP.GOV.PH/THE-TWO-FACES-OF-THE-1872-CAVITE-MUTINY/
(End of Presentation)

EXTRA NOTES!!
• There was dissatisfaction among the workers of the arsenal as well as the members of the native army
after their privileges were drawn back by Gen. Izquierdo
• Gen. Izquierdo introduced rigid and strict policies that made the Filipinos move and turn away from
Spanish government out of disgust
• The Central Government failed to conduct an investigation on what truly transpired but relied on reports
of Izquierdo and the friars and the opinion of the public
• The happy days of the friars were already numbered in 1872 when the Central Government in Spain
decided to deprive them of the power to intervene in government affairs as well as in the direction and
management of schools prompting them to commit frantic moves to extend their stay and power
• The Filipino clergy members actively participated in the secularization movement in order to allow
Filipino priests to take hold of the parishes in the country making them prey to the rage of the friars
• Filipinos during the time were active participants, and responded to what they deemed as injustices
• The execution of GOMBURZA was a blunder on the part of the Spanish government, for the action
severed the ill-feelings of the Filipinos and the event inspired Filipino patriots to call for reforms and
eventually independence.
-National Historical Commission of the Philippines
 Cavite
Mutiny
Accounts
Spanish Version Filipino Version
Jose Montero y Vidal Pardo de Tavera
• What happened
Before the Mutiny
During the Mutiny
• Cause of the Mutiny
• People Involved
• What happened
After the Mutiny Official Report
Rafael Izquierdo
 WHAT HAPPENED BEFORE THE MUTINY

Jose Montero y Vidal Rafael Izquierdo Pardo de Tavera

On 1871, Governor Rafael Rafael Izquierdo received The new governor Rafael
Izquierdo took charge of the anonymous letters Izquierdo’s first act was to
government after La Torre. continuously but did not prohibit the founding of a
There was an information mind it because he was school of arts and trades.
received that a mutiny against confident that he would be He also abolished the
the Spaniards would occur and able to stop any uprising. privileges (payment of
it will result to the assassination tribute tax and to work
of all, including the friars. certain days each year on
It has been going on since La public improvements) of the
Torre was in charged. The soldiers and the laborers.
leaders Tavera, Zamora, and The dissatisfaction and
the curate of Bacoor would discontentment spread
meet at times. around the workmen.
 WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE MUTINY

The signal for the mutiny was the They planned to set fire in Tondo There was an uprising among the
firing of rockets but the native (as a diversion) to start the soldiers in San Felipe fort, Cavite.
soldiers in Cavite mistook the revolution, they would seize fort They assassinated the commanding
fireworks display as the signal which Santiago and fire cannons as the officer and other Spanish officers in
caused the mutiny to fail. They signal for their success. The rebels in charge of the fort. 40 marines
assassinated the commander of the Cavite were helped by 500 natives (in attached to the arsenal and 22
fort and wounded his wife. Two Bacoor) led by Camerino. The rebels artillery men under La Madrid took
Spaniards were dispatched to in Cavite made the signals by part in the uprising. General
inform authorities in Manila but was lighting lanterns but the natives Izquierdo sent a commanding
killed along the way. The news had failed to gather arms and general to reinforce the native
been relayed to Governor Izquierdo ammunition because of the Spanish troops. They executed La Madrid and
by Domingo Mijares. Regiments led navy positioned at the fort. The the rebels. Others were captured and
by Felipe Ginove was sent the next uprising should have started in taken to Manila. Since then, no
day, they demanded renditions and Manila but the rebels in Cavite went further disturbance of peace
waited to avoid bloodshed but ahead of time. The military governor occurred.
failed. They killed the majority of the in Cavite and the commanders of
rebels and the others became Regiment 7 obliged the rebels to
prisoners. take refuge in the fort of San Felipe.

Jose Montero y Vidal Rafael Izquierdo Pardo de Tavera

During the
• The signal for the mutiny was the firing of rockets
but the native soldiers in Cavite mistook the
fireworks display as the signal which caused the
Mutiny mutiny to fail.
• They assassinated the commander of the fort and
wounded his wife.
• Two Spaniards were dispatched to inform
Spanish Version authorities in Manila but was killed along the way.
Jose Montero y Vidal • The news had been relayed to Governor Izquierdo
by Domingo Mijares. Regiments led by Felipe
Ginove was sent the next day, they demanded
renditions and waited to avoid bloodshed but
failed.
• They killed the majority of the rebels and the
others became prisoners.
During the • The rebels planned to set fire in Tondo (as a
diversion) to start the revolution, they would seize

Mutiny
fort Santiago and fire cannons as the signal for
their success.
• The rebels in Cavite were helped by 500 natives (in
Bacoor) led by Camerino. The rebels in Cavite
Official Report made the signals by lighting lanterns but the
natives failed to gather arms and ammunition
Rafael Izquierdo because of the Spanish navy positioned at the
fort.
• The uprising should have started in Manila but the
rebels in Cavite went ahead of time.
• The military governor in Cavite and the
commanders of Regiment 7 obliged the rebels to
take refuge in the fort of San Felipe.
During the • There was an uprising among the soldiers in San
Felipe fort, Cavite.

Mutiny • They assassinated the commanding officer and

other Spanish officers in charge of the fort.
• 40 marines attached to the arsenal and 22 artillery

Filipino Version men under La Madrid took part in the uprising.

• General Izquierdo sent a commanding general to
Pardo de Tavera
reinforce the native troops.
• They executed La Madrid and the rebels. Others
were captured and taken to Manila. Since then, no
further disturbance of peace occurred.
 CAUSE OF THE CAVITE MUTINY

Spanish Version Official Report Filipino Version

Jose Montero y Vidal Rafael Izquierdo Pardo de Tavera

Aside from the abolition of The goal to overthrow the Spanish Native filipino soldiers and
the privileges, other causes government to install a new “hari” laborers were displeased by
were: which could be Jose Burgos or Izquierdo’s official act of
Jacinto Zamora, who are parish abolishing their privileges of
Spanish Revolution which priests in Manila. not having to pay annual
overthrew the secular throne Further encouraged by the native tribute and from rendering
• Dirty propagandas carried clergy by claiming that God is with the forced labor.
on by uncontrolled press, them, and those who do not
democratic, liberal and revolt will be killed.
republican books and These “Indios” were also promised
pamphlets reaching the of wealth and power as a reward.
Philippines Newspapers distributed from
Madrid (El Eco Filipino).
 WHO WERE INVOLVED IN THE MUTINY

Jose Montero y Vidal Rafael Izquierdo Pardo de Tavera

Jose Burgos Native Clergy Filipino soldiers

Jacinto Zamora Mestizos Filipino laborers
Mariano Gomez Native Lawyers
Antonio Maria Regidor Residents from Manila
Pardo de Tavera and Cavite and some
Pedro Carillo from other provinces
Gervasio Sanchez
Mauricio de Leon
Enrique Paraiso
Jose & Pio Basa
Other filipino laborers,
priests, native soldiers
After the What happened after the Mutiny
Mutiny • GomBurZa fathers were executed by strangulation.
• Others were also executed and life imprisoned.