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Artificial Intelligence: General Science & Ability by Mian Shafiq

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of intelligent machines that can perform human-like functions. John McCarthy defined AI as making machines that can think like humans. Major applications of AI include cognitive science, robotics, natural interfaces, and expert systems. AI has many real-world uses such as game playing, finance, transportation, and more. However, overreliance on AI and lack of human qualities are disadvantages.

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590 views14 pages

Artificial Intelligence: General Science & Ability by Mian Shafiq

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of intelligent machines that can perform human-like functions. John McCarthy defined AI as making machines that can think like humans. Major applications of AI include cognitive science, robotics, natural interfaces, and expert systems. AI has many real-world uses such as game playing, finance, transportation, and more. However, overreliance on AI and lack of human qualities are disadvantages.

Uploaded by

Mr Agha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Artificial Intelligence

General Science & Ability


By
Mian Shafiq
Definition

Artificial Intelligence (AI)


is the study and engineering
of intelligent machines
capable of performing the
same kinds of functions that
characterize human
thought.

John McCarthy, who coined


the term Artificial
Intelligence in 1956, defines
it as "the science and
engineering of making
intelligent machines",
especially intelligent
computer programs.
AI Goals

AI gives four possible goals to pursue:


• Systems that think like humans,
• Systems that act like humans,
• Systems that think rationally, and
• Systems that act rationally
Major Application Areas of Artificial
Intelligence

4
1. Cognitive science
• This area of AI is based on research on biology,
neurology, psychology, mathematics etc.

• It focuses on researching how the human brain


works and how humans think and learn.

• The results of such research in human


information processing are the basis for the
development of a variety of computer-based
applications in AI.

5
2. Robotics
• Basic disciplines of robotics include AI, Engineering and
physiology.

• This technology produces robot machines with computer


intelligence and computer controlled, human like physical
capabilities.

• This area includes applications designed to give robots the


powers of
Visual perception: sight
Tactility: ability use the sense of touch
Dexterity: ability in using hands skilfully
Locomotion: physical ability to move over any surface
Navigation: the intelligence to properly find ways to a
destination.

6
3 Natural interfaces
• Development of natural interfaces is essential to the natural
use of computers by humans. This area of applications are
designed for
– Natural languages and Speech recognition
ability to communicate with computers and robots in conversational
human languages and have them understand us as easily as we
understand each other.
– Multisensory Interfaces
development of multisensory devices that use variety body movements
to operate computers.
– Virtual reality
using multisensory human computer interfaces that enable human users
to experience computer simulated objects, spaces, activities and worlds
as they actually exist.

7
Expert Systems
• An expert system is a knowledge-based information system
that uses its knowledge about a specific, complex application
area to act as an expert consultant to end users.

• They must also be able to explain their reasoning process and


conclusions to a user.

• Expert systems can provide decision support to end users in


the form of advice from an expert consultant in a specific
problem area.

• Components of an Expert System


– Knowledge Base
– Software resource
8
Real World Applications

• Game playing
• Finance and e – commerce
• Information processing and data mining
• Transportation
• Military
• Heavy Industry
• Space exploration
• Music
• Online & TCS
Intelligent Robots

• A robot can carry out many tasks such as the production of


cars in a factory. Robots can weld, insert windscreens,
paint, etc.
• Advantages
• Work 24/7, 365 days/year, unlike human workers; do not
need holidays
• Cheaper – do not need paid - company make more money
in the long run
• More accurate
• Safer than sending a human into dangerous places, e.g.
nuclear power stations
Virtual Reality
Virtual reality: using multisensory human computer interfaces that
enable human users to experience computer simulated objects, spaces,
activities and worlds as they actually exist.
Disadvantages of AI

• Over reliance on AI: As you may have seen in many


films such as The Matrix, iRobot, if we rely on
machines to do almost everything for us we become
very dependent.
• Lack Human Feelings: As they are machines they
obviously can’t provide us with that ‘human touch and
quality.
• Unemployment of already Employed youth: As
machines will be able to perform almost every task
better than us in practically all respects, they will
take up many of our jobs,.
Disadvantages

• Misuse of Robots: There is no doubt that this level of


technology in the wrong hands can cause mass
destruction, where robot armies could be formed, or
they could perhaps malfunction or be corrupted which
then we could be facing a similar scene to that of
terminator.
• Ethically Wrong: People say that the gift of intuition and
intelligence was God’s gift to mankind, and so to
replicate that would be then to kind of ‘play God’.
Therefore not right to even attempt to clone our
intelligence.

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