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Breast and Lymphatic Assessment

The document discusses the anatomy and assessment of the breasts and lymphatic system. It describes the location and structure of the breasts in males and females. The assessment involves inspecting and palpating the breasts and lymph nodes to check for any abnormalities, with the goal of early detection of breast diseases.

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Arlyn Mendenilla
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513 views37 pages

Breast and Lymphatic Assessment

The document discusses the anatomy and assessment of the breasts and lymphatic system. It describes the location and structure of the breasts in males and females. The assessment involves inspecting and palpating the breasts and lymph nodes to check for any abnormalities, with the goal of early detection of breast diseases.

Uploaded by

Arlyn Mendenilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Breast and Lymphatic

Assessment
Breast and Lymphatic Assessment

• Breasts: paired
mammary glands
– lie over muscles,
anterior chest wall -
anterior to: pectoralis
major, serratus
anterior
– Extend:
horizontally:2nd to 6th
rib; vertically:sternum
to midaxillary line
Breast and Lymphatic Assessment

• Male and female breasts


– Similar until puberty when
• Female: develops into accessory
reproduction organ with 2 functions
(produce and store milk; aid in sexual
stimulation)
• Male: no functional capability
Breast and Lymphatic Assessment
• Location of Assessment
Findings
– Breasts: divided into 4
quadrants intersecting
at nipple
• Tail of Spence: upper
outer quadrant;
extends to axillary
area; location of
most frequent
occurrences of
breast tumors
• In females, the largest
portion of the glandular
breast tissue is located at
the upper outer quadrant of
each breast.
• The majority of the breast
tumors are located in the
UOBQ including the tail of
the Spence.
Breast and Lymphatic Assessment

• Lymph Nodes
• Present in male
and female
breasts
• Drain lymph
from breasts
(filter out
microorganisms;
return water and
protein to blood)
Breast and Lymphatic Assessment
• External anatomy of breast
– Skin: smooth; varies in color
– Areola: surrounds nipple; contains
sebaceous glands, hair follicles, smooth
muscle fibers that contract nipple with
stimulation
• Areola – is the pigmented
area of the breast it
surrounds the protruding
Nipple.
• Nipple – contains the tiny
opening of the lactiferous
ducts.
• lactiferous ducts –
passageway of the milk
• Each mammary glands
consists of 15 to 25 lobes
which radiates around the
nipple.
• within each lobe are smaller
chamber called the lobules
which contains the alveolar
glands that produce milk.
Breast and Lymphatic Assessment
Breast and Lymphatic Assessment

• Internal anatomy of
breast
– 3 types of tissue
• Glandular
• Fibrous
• Fatty
The breast of men and
women need to be
inspected and palpated.
Health Assessment
• Introduction
– Understanding required
• Normal structure and function;
components of PE
– Outcome of required knowledge
• Differentiate normal from abnormal;
accuracy in assessment
Health Assessment
• Collecting subjective data
– Before assessing the client explore your feeling
first about body image, fear of breast cancer, and
the influence of the breast on the self-esteem.
– Use the COLDSPA as a guideline to collect for
information.
Health Assessment
• History of present illness
– Lumps or swelling on the breast & underarm area
– Redness, warmth, or dimpling or retraction
– Any rash on the breast, nipple or axillary area
– Changes in size or firmness
– Pain
– Discharges
Health Assessment
• Past Health History
– Prior breast disease
– Breast surgery, breast biopsy, breast implants or
breast trauma.
– Onset of menstruation and menopause
– Given birth at what age
– First and last day of menstruation
Health Assessment
• Family History
– History of breast cancer in the family
• Lifestyle and Health practices
– Taking hormones, contraceptives or anti-psychotic
drugs
– Exposure to environmental hazards
– Typical daily diet
Health Assessment
• Alcohol intake
• Caffeine intake
• Exercise
• Importance of breast to self-worth
• BSE – every month right after menstruation
beginning @ age 20
• CBE – every 3 years for ages 20 – 39 & every year
for women age 40 and older.
• Mammogram – annual for women age 40
Health Assessment
• Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women,
and the incidence is rising.
– 2nd leading cause of cancer death in white American women
– Leading cause of death in African – American women.
– Risk factors
• 100 times more common in women
• Age
• Genetics
• Family history
• Personal history
• Early menarche and late menopause
• No natural children
• First child born to mother older than age 30
• Oral contraceptives
• Regular alcohol intake
• Higher education and socioeconomic status
• Breast irradiation
• Hormone replacement therapy with progesterone
• Wet ear wax
Health Assessment
• Possible risk factors • Risk reduction technique
– Taller height tips
– High waist-to-hip: obesity – Not delaying pregnancy
beginning as adult or after until after 30 years of age
menopause – Breast feeding
– High fat diet – performing monthly BSE
– Low number of births – Following ACS guidelines
– No breast-feeding for clinical evaluation and
– Low level of physical activity mammography
• Possible risk factors for – Strenuous exercise,
especially in youth but also
mortality in adulthood
– No or poor BSE – NAISD may have protective
– Poor screening effect
Instruction to Breast Self exam
Breast and Lymphatic Assessment
• The purpose of breast assessment is to identify
signs of breast disease and then initiate early
treatment.
• Equipment and supplies
– Centimeter ruler
– Small pillow
– Gloves
– Slides for specimen
– Handout: Breast Self-Examination
Breast and Lymphatic Assessment

• Key assessment points


–Explain steps of exam with
rationale; perform as carefully on
male as female
–Observe, inspect: breast skin,
areolas, and nipples
–Palpate (warm hands): breasts and
axillary nodes
• Physical Assessment: Female Breasts
– Inspect:
• Size and symmetry
• Color and texture
• Superficial venous pattern
Physical Assessment:
• Female Breasts,
continued
– Inspect:
• Areolas
• Nipples
Physical Assessment:
• Inspect For
retraction and
dimplings.
Physical Assessment:
Physical Assessment:
Physical Assessment:
Physical Assessment:
Physical Assessment:
• Palpate
– Texture and elasticity
– Tenderness and temperature
– Masses
– Nipples
– Mastectomy or lumpectomy
Physical Assessment:
Physical Assessment:
Physical Assessment:
• The axillae
– Inspect and palpate
Physical Assessment:
• Male Breasts
– Inspect and palpate
• Breasts
• Areolas
• Nipples
• Axillae
Health Assessment
• Validation and Documentation of Findings
– Subjective and objective data
• Analysis of Data
– Wellness nursing diagnosis example
• Opportunity to enhance management of
breasts
Health Assessment
• Analysis of Data
– Risk nursing diagnosis example
• Risk for Ineffective Management of
Therapeutic Regimen
– Actual nursing diagnosis example
• Body image disturbance related to
mastectomy
Health Assessment

• Analysis of Data
– Collaborative Problem example
• PC: Benign breast disease

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