Instrumental Drawing

Instrumental Drawing
Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Drawing Instruments And Instrumental Drawing
Its Uses
Various drawing instruments and their correct methods of use for
instrumental drawing are illustrated here.
Correct use of these instruments are necessary for efficient and
concise drafting.
The students should make it a habit to use these precision
instruments correctly.
With the proper use of these tools an accurate representation of
shape, relationship, and size can be accomplished.
The instruments dealt with in this topic include most of the basic
drafting tools and are sufficient for the initial phases of a
technical drawing course.

Drawing Instruments And Instrumental Drawing
Its Uses
The list of drawing instruments include:
600 mm T-square
45 x 45 and 30 x 60 Triangle
Protractor
Metric Scale
Compass Set
Dividers
Pencils
Technical Pens
Eraser
Erasing Shield
Cutter, Sharpener, Pencil Pointer or Sandpaper
Dusting Brush
French Curve
Circular Templates

Drawing Instruments And Its Uses
T-square
Used to construct horizontal lines.

It also serves as a base for triangles when drawing vertical lines or
inclined line.
The T-square has two parts called the blade and the head, which
should be joined together.

Triangles
30 x 60 AND 45 x 45 triangles are used for drawing vertical lines with
the T-square as the horizontal support.
15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 lines to the horizontal are constructed by
using one or both of the triangles.

Protractor
Used to measure and draw angles not divisible by 15 when neither
the 30 x 60 nor the 45 triangles can be used.

Metric Scale
Used to reproduce the dimensions of an object in a full, reduced or

enlarged size on a drawing.

Compass
Used for drawing circles and arcs.

Ink pen can be attached to this compass with the use of special
attachment.
Compass types include lengthening bar used for drawing large arcs
and circles.

Dividers
A divider is a type of compass with needle points on both ends and is

used for laying off points or transferring dimensions.
It is also used for dividing lines into any number of equal parts.

Pencil
Graphite lead pencils are the basic instruments used in

mechanical drawing and come in varying degrees of hardness.
Drawing pencils are graded and numbered from 6B, very soft and
black to 5B, 4B, 3B, 2B, and HB to F, the medium grade; then
H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H, and 8H to 9H, the hardest.
The soft (B) grades are used primarily for sketching and rendering
and the hard (H) grades for instrument drawings.

Pencil
When preparing pencil layouts, select the pencil
grade for the line quality required.
Construction lines are drawn with hard grade leads
while the final lines are penciled in with a softer
lead.
Pencils should always be kept sharp to acquire
proficiency and accuracy.
The lead must be rubbed against a sandpaper or
pencil pointer to create a long conical point.
To keep the point sharp, rotate the pencil as you
draw lines.
The pencil should be used at an angle slightly off
the vertical.

Technical Pens Drawing Instruments And Its Uses
And Inking Procedure
Technical pens are precision inking tools that come with points of
varying thickness from 0.10 mm to 2.00 mm depending on the line
width required.
These pens have ink cartridges and can be refilled.

Technical Pens Drawing Instruments And Its Uses
And Inking Procedure

When constructing a line, the technical pen should be in a vertical
position.
The angle of inclination and speed must remain constant to obtain
a line of uniform width and straightness.
Most faulty lines are due to incorrect pen inclination or by leaning
the pen point too close to the straight edge, and it will run under
and cause a blot.
If it leans inward, some portion of the point of the pen will not touch
the paper and the line will be ragged.
It will not take long to discover that care must be taken when
removing T-square or triangle away from a wet ink line.

Eraser
There are various kinds of erasers used in drafting.

A hard rubber eraser is used to remove dark
heavy lines.
A soft rubber eraser is used to remove light lines and to clean
smudges.
Special ink eraser is also available for removing ink lines on
tracing paper.

Erasing Shield
Erasing shields are made of thin flat metal or plastic with cut outs of
various sizes and shapes.
An erasing shield restricts the erasing area. In this way, correctly
drawn lines will not be disturbed during erasing procedure.
To use, place the shield over the line to be erased and erase through
the shield.

Cutter, Sharpener, Drawing Instruments And Its Uses
Sandpaper, Pencil Pointer
These are various tools used for creating sharp conical pencil points.
When sharpening a lead point, care should be taken to keep the
graphite away from the drawing.
Most draftsmen keep a cloth or a piece of clay handy to wipe the
excess graphite powder from a newly sharpened lead.

Dusting Brush
It is used to remove loose dirt particles that collect on the drawing.

Removing the dirt with your hands may create smudges on the
drawing paper.

French Curve Drawing Instruments And Its Uses
And Flexicurve
French curves are made of clear hard plastic and are

used for drawing non-circular curves.
Points showing the direction of the curve and are
penciled in.
Select a portion of the French curve that is most
similar to the curve.
Continue shifting the French curve to coincide with the
points along the curve.
In shifting the curve, take care to preserve smoothness
and continuity and to avoid breaks and cusps.

French Curve Drawing Instruments And Its Uses
And Flexicurve
The flexi curve is another tool used for drawing irregular curves.
It is made of rubber or plastic outer shell with a flexible metal inner
spine.
It can be bent to various shapes and is used in a similar fashion to
the French curve wherein points are marked, penciled in and
the flexi-curve shifted to suit the curve to be drawn.

Templates
Templates are used for drafting symbols or repetitive figures.

They greatly facilitate drawing speed and precision.
Most templates are made of clear plastic and come in variety of
symbols for specialized drawing needs such as curves,
hexagons, bolt heads and nuts, circles, thread forms, chemical
apparatus, electrical symbols, etc.

To Draw Horizontal Instrumental Drawing
Line
For right handed horizontal line is drawn from left to right.

To Draw Horizontal Instrumental Drawing
Line
For left handed horizontal line is drawn from right to left.

To Draw Vertical Line

Vertical line is drawn upward.

To Draw Inclined Line

To draw inclined line at 45 degrees.
45o


To draw inclined line at 30 and 60 degrees.
60o
30o


To draw inclined line at 75 and 15 degrees.
15o
75o

To Fasten The Drawing Paper On Instrumental Drawing
The Drawing Board


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Instrumental Drawing

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Instrumental Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Used to construct horizontal lines.

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Used to reproduce the dimensions of an object in a full, reduced or

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Used for drawing circles and arcs.

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

A divider is a type of compass with needle points on both ends and is

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Graphite lead pencils are the basic instruments used in

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

And Inking Procedure

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

And Inking Procedure

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

There are various kinds of erasers used in drafting.

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Sandpaper, Pencil Pointer

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

It is used to remove loose dirt particles that collect on the drawing.

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

French curves are made of clear hard plastic and are

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Templates are used for drafting symbols or repetitive figures.

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

To Draw Vertical Line

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

To Draw Inclined Line

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

To Draw Inclined Line

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

To Draw Inclined Line

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

The Drawing Board

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing