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    17th Century - Cavaliers & Puritans

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    Hussain Umar
    The 17th century in England was a time of great religious and political turmoil between the royalist Cavaliers and the puritan Roundheads. This led to a civil war and the temporary overthrow of the monarchy, with Oliver Cromwell ruling as Lord Protector until the restoration of King Charles II. Religious tensions continued through the reigns of Charles II and James II, finally culminating in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 that established constitutional monarchy and greater religious tolerance. During this period, English literature and arts also flourished with notable works produced by poets like Milton, Dryden, and Bunyan as well as playwrights and diarists.

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    17th Century - Cavaliers & Puritans

    Uploaded by

    Hussain Umar
    55 views28 pages
    The 17th century in England was a time of great religious and political turmoil between the royalist Cavaliers and the puritan Roundheads. This led to a civil war and the temporary overthrow of the monarchy, with Oliver Cromwell ruling as Lord Protector until the restoration of King Charles II. Religious tensions continued through the reigns of Charles II and James II, finally culminating in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 that established constitutional monarchy and greater religious tolerance. During this period, English literature and arts also flourished with notable works produced by poets like Milton, Dryden, and Bunyan as well as playwrights and diarists.

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    The 17th century in England was a time of great religious and political turmoil between the royalist Cavaliers and the puritan Roundheads. This led to a civil war and the temporary overthrow of the monarchy, with Oliver Cromwell ruling as Lord Protector until the restoration of King Charles II. Religious tensions continued through the reigns of Charles II and James II, finally culminating in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 that established constitutional monarchy and greater religious tolerance. During this period, English literature and arts also flourished with notable works produced by poets like Milton, Dryden, and Bunyan as well as playwrights and diarists.

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    55 views28 pages

    17th Century - Cavaliers & Puritans

    Uploaded by

    Hussain Umar
    The 17th century in England was a time of great religious and political turmoil between the royalist Cavaliers and the puritan Roundheads. This led to a civil war and the temporary overthrow of the monarchy, with Oliver Cromwell ruling as Lord Protector until the restoration of King Charles II. Religious tensions continued through the reigns of Charles II and James II, finally culminating in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 that established constitutional monarchy and greater religious tolerance. During this period, English literature and arts also flourished with notable works produced by poets like Milton, Dryden, and Bunyan as well as playwrights and diarists.

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    The

    Cavaliers
    &
    Puritans
    17th Century
    (1625 – 1700)
    Turmoil
    Religious & Political
    Queen Elizabeth dies 1603
    King James 1603-1625
    King Charles 1625-1649
    Oliver Cromwell 1642 - 1660
    King Charles II 1660 - 1685
    “GLORIOUS REVOLUTION”
    The Controversy
    Royal family are Anglican
    (Catholic sympathizers)
    WHILE
    Common people are
    Protestant sympathizers
    Divine Right
    of Kings
    King is Head of
    Church & State
    King James
    Not a picture of health…

    -- crippling arthritis
    -- weak limbs
    -- colic (digestion problems)
    -- gout
    -- difficulty walking
    -- tongue problems

    After numerous attempts on his


    life, he required constant care.

    Invented British flag -- combined England's red cross of


    St. George with Scotland's white cross of St. Andrew.
    Religious
    Non-Conformity
    Puritans/Separatists
    Congregationists/Presbyterians
    Church government styles
    congregation vs. bishop
    liturgical vs. non-liturgical
    King James &
    the Non-conformists
    “I shall make them
    conform themselves
    or I will harry them
    out of the land, or
    else…do worse.”
    King Charles
     Angers Parliament
     Angers Puritans
     Private arrests, trials
     Catholicize worship (High
    Church)
     Last straw - Presbyterian
    Scots & the new liturgy!
    CIVIL WAR
     Roundheads = Puritans
     Cavaliers = Royal Loyalists
     Council of State - backed by revolutionary
    officers
     Cromwell assumes control as “Lord
    Protector of the Commonwealth”

    The Bloody Revolution!


    King Charles beheaded
    in 1649!
    Cromwell’s Rule
    Puritan strictness
    Military power
    Suppression of
    theatre
    & other frivolous
    activities
    Tyrant/dictator
    The Restoration
     Cromwell’s death
    dooms Puritan rule
     Parliament asks King
    Charles II back from
    exile in Holland
     People revolted vs.
    Puritan strictness
    Hatred of Cromwell
    Charles II
     Catholic sympathizer
     Repressive religious
    measures
     Allied to Catholic
    France
     Discontent grows vs.
    monarchy
    James II
     Catholic sympathizer
     appoints Catholics to
    influential govt &
    military posts
     Vatican reps in court
     religious persecution
    of Scottish Protestants
    Glorious Revolution
    (Bloodless Revolution)
     William of Orange
    (Protestant)
     Mary (James II’s
    daughter)
     Parliament asks
    them to rule in
    place of James II
     New limited monarchy
    London grows to 600,000!
    Historic Events
    Great Plague
    in London
    1665
    -------------
    68,000
    die!
    Historic Events

    Great Fire of London - 1666


    (Christopher Wren - rebuilder)
    Cavalier Poets
    -- Lovelace, Suckling, Herrick --
     Anglican
     supporters of the King
     topics of wine, women, war
    & love
     simple & easy to understand
     avoided religious topics
     witty & satirical
    “Tribe of Ben”
    Metaphysical Poets
    -- Donne, Herbert, later Herrick --
     Protestant
     Not happy with the King
     religious & philosophical topics
     challenging, demanding, symbolic
     metaphysical conceits – unusual
    metaphors
    17th Century
    Poetry
     John Milton
     Paradise Lost (over 10,000 lines)
     Puritan look at fall into sin
     “justify the ways of God to man”
     great English classic
    17th Century Poetry
     John Dryden
     Poet laureate of Charles II
     Neoclassic style (odes &
    satires)
     literary criticism
     essayist - “father of
    modern prose”
     translator
     debater
    17th Century Drama
     Ben Jonson
     Comedies
    - Satiric Comedy
    - Tragicomedy
    - Comedy of Manners
     Puritans close theater
     Actresses acceptable by
    end of century
    He was not of an age, but for all time.
    -- To the Memory of Shakespeare
    17th Century Prose
     Scientific writing
     Hobbes & Locke –
    Philosophical writing
     Izaak Walton –
    The Compleat Angler
     John Dryden –
    Literary criticism
     Samuel Pepys –
    The Diary (in code)
     John Bunyan –
    The Pilgrim’s Progress
     King James Bible
    John Bunyan
    Our Father which in heaven art,
    Thy name be always hallowed;
    Thy kingdom come, thy will be done;
    Thy heavenly path be followed
    By us on earth as 'tis with thee,
    We humbly pray;
    And let our bread us given be,
    From day to day.
    Forgive our debts as we forgive
    Those that to us indebted are:
    Into temptation lead us not,
    But save us from the wicked snare.
    The kingdom's thine, the power too,
    We thee adore;
    The glory also shall be thine
    For evermore.
    Bunyan’s
    Pilgrim’s Progress
     Written in prison
     Main character is Christian

     Allegory of Christian Life


     “Last great Christian
    classic”
    Samuel Pepys –
    Diary Writer
    June 15th

    The Duke of Yorke not yet come


    to town. The town grows very
    sickly, and people to be afeared
    of it - there dying this last wek of
    the plague 112, from 43 the week
    before - whereof, one in
    Fanchurch-street and one in
    Broadstreete by the Treasurer's
    office.
    Watch for . . .
     Spelling becoming set (1st dictionaries)
     Satire - moral writing to expose evil

     Heroic couplet in poetry


     Rise of comedies
     Shakespeare considered “rough,
    uncultured” - not often performed

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