Physical Education

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
GENERAL CONCEPTS ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION

O Physical Education has been defined differently by various
authors. Lumpkin (2002) defined Physical Education as a
process through which an individual obtains optimal mental,
social and fitness skill through physical activities. Similarly
Ravelo (1972) posited the concept of Physical Education as
education through or by means of physical activities.
O More explicit, however, is the definition suggested by Andin
(1988). According to her, Physical Education is an integral part
of the educational program designed to promote optimum
development of the individual physically, socially, emotionally,
and mentally through total body movement in the performance
of properly selected physical activities.
“ Therefore, Physical Education hereinafter refer to as
P.E is a planned sequential instruction that promotes lifelong
physical activity.”
BRIEF HISTORY
P.E has existed since the earliest stages of humanity, in areas as
simple as where knowledge of basic survival, i.e. hunting, was
transmitted. However, the formal P.E was first observed during the
ancient times as a component of military trainings as in the case
of the ancient Roman citizens. During that time, children were
trained to learn basic military skills such as fighting tactics. In
some cases P.E was a form of entertainment as in the case of the
ancient Greeks who organized P.E programs by the 700’s B.C at
educational establishments called gymnasium. Wrestling and
athletics (i.e. discus and javelin throwing, jumping, and running)
are examples of P.E programs which served the purpose of
entertainment among the ancient Greeks.
PURPOSE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
O To Develop Optimum Fitness And Health Of Individual .
O To Produce Individuals Who Can Contribute To
Economic Well Being.
O To Train Good Leaders With Moral Integrity Of The
Highest.
O To Develop Creativity And Innovativeness Inspired By
An Abiding Faith In God And Love Of Country And
Fellowmen.
O To Instill A Love And Pride For Our Rich Cultural
Heritage And Strive For Our Preservation And Develop
An Understanding Of The Culture Of Others.
FUNCTIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
There are THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS of P.E biologic,
integrative and social function.
O Biologic function refers to the enhancement of the

individual’s growth and development through body
movement.
O Integrative function refers to personality integration
achieved through participation in properly selected
activities (Andin in Eviza, et al.)
O Social function refers to the provision of opportunities for
the individual to acquire desirable social values through
participation in physical social activities.
OBJECTIVE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
There are FOUR OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION (Andin in Eviza,
2007)
O Physical Development. To be able to maintain lifelong health and high level

of fitness, one should actively participate in physical activities.
O Social Development. Through participation in sports-related activities one
can acquire desirable social traits such as friendliness, cooperation, respect
for the right of others, good sportsmanship, good leadership, and
followership, and lastly, honesty in game competition.
O Emotional Development . Worthwhile emotional traits that can be developed
through participation in sport-related activities are self-confidence, self-
control, self-reliance, courage, determination, and personal discipline.
O Mental Development. The individual improves mental capacities through
learning the mechanical principle underlying movements, as he obtains
knowledge and understanding of rules and strategies of games and sports,
and as he discovers way of improving his movements.
FOUR TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT
O Organic (Physiological). The improvement of various organs
used to gain power such as power and endurance in the heart
and lungs, heart regulating mechanism, and digestive and
eliminating organs.
O Neuromuscular (Muscular and Nerves). It refers to the
development of skills and coordination, strength in the skeletal
muscles.
O Interpretive (Mental). Continuously develops and strengthen
the judgment and problem solving skills through learning the
rules, signals, and different techniques.
O Emotional. Enhance the development of impulses and
emotions. Through participating in different activities, one can
experience fear, anger, joy, and other powerful emotions and
learns to control it.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAM
TWO RELATED AREAS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAM.
REGULAR PROGRAM
EXTRA-CLASS RECREATION PROGRAM
ACTIVITIES UNDER REGULAR PROGRAM
O Core Activities are the skills and activities needed to carry out the objectives of the
program.
O Related Activities are sometimes called enrichment activities from allied areas curriculum
such as those in other subjects.
O Adaptive Activities refer to those activities especially adapted to the needs of children who
diverge from the normal, such as the gifted, slow learners, culturally less privileged and
handicapped.
ACTIVITIES UNDER EXTRA CLASS PROGRAM
O Intramurals refer to competitions within the school, like dance, gymnastics, volleyball and
other ball games.
O Extramural refer to competitions of teams from different schools or universities.
O Field Mass Demonstration is a kind of activity where most, if not all, students participated
for the purpose of informing the public of the activities in physical education
O Exhibition Groups are special groups specially trained for certain events.

Physical Education

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What are the different definitions of physical education mentioned?

What are the three main functions of physical education?

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

GENERAL CONCEPTS ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION

O Biologic function refers to the enhancement of the

O Physical Development. To be able to maintain lifelong health and high level

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