Automotive Safety - AUT408: Understanding Traffic Signs and Signals - Unit 1

Automotive Safety – AUT408
Understanding Traffic Signs and Signals – Unit 1
Dr. T. Senthil Muthu Kumar

Associate Professor
Department of Automobile Engineering
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education
Presentation Outline
• Overview
• Requirements
• Communication Tools
• Types of Traffic Signs & Signals
• Summary
Overview
• Traffic control device is the medium used for communicating
between traffic engineer and road users.
• Unlike other modes of transportation, there is no control on the
drivers using the road.
• Here a traffic control device comes to the help of the traffic
engineer.
 The major types of traffic control devices used are:
 Traffic signs,
 Road markings,
 Traffic signals and parking control.
• This chapter discusses traffic control signs. Different types of
traffic signs are regulatory signs, warning signs and
informatory signs.
Requirements
Should fulfill a need
Command attention from the road users
Convey a clear, simple meaning
Must respect the signs
Provide adequate time for proper response

Communication Tools
 Colour
 Shape
 Legend
 Pattern
Colour
Most easily noticed characteristics

Usage of different colors for different signs
Commonly used colors are red, green, yellow, black
and blue
Used to code certain devices and to reinforce specific
messages.
 Consistent use of colors helps drivers to identify the
presence of sign board ahead.
Shape
It is the second element discerned by the driver next

to the color of the device.
The categories of shapes normally used are circular,
triangular, rectangular, and diamond shape.
Two exceptional shapes used in traffic signs are
octagonal shape for STOP sign and use of inverted
triangle for GIVE WAY (YIELD) sign.
Diamond shape signs are not generally used in India.
Legend
This is an important aspect in the case of traffic signs.

For the easy understanding by the driver, the legend
should be short, simple and specific so that it does not
divert the attention of the driver.
Symbols are normally used as legends so that even a
person unable to read the language will be able to
understand that.
There is no need of it in the case of traffic signals and
road markings.
Pattern
It is normally used in the application of road markings,

complementing traffic signs.
Generally solid, double solid and dotted lines are used.
Each pattern conveys different type of meaning.
The frequent and consistent use of pattern to convey
information is recommended so that the drivers get
accustomed to the different types of markings and can
instantly recognize them.
Indian Traffic Signs
 Mandatory Signs or Regulatory Signs
 Cautionary Signs or Warning or Precautionary
 Informatory Signs
Mandatory Signs or Regulatory Signs
These signs require the driver to obey the

signs for the safety of other road users.
Regulatory Signs
Straight Prohibited Vehicle Prohibited in Both

One Way Sign
or No Entry Directions
Truck Prohibited
All Vehicles Prohibited Bullock Cart Prohibited
Cycle Prohibited Pedestrians Prohibited Right turn Prohibited

Regulatory Signs
Left Turn Prohibited U-Turn Prohibited Overtaking Prohibited
Horn Prohibited Length Limit Width Limit
Height Limit Speed Limit Load Limit

Regulatory Signs
No Parking No Stopping or Standing Restriction Ends Sign
Compulsory Ahead Only Compulsory Keep Left Compulsory Turn Left
Compulsory Turn Right Compulsory Turn Right Ahead Compulsory Turn Left Ahead
Regulatory Signs
Compulsory Ahead or Turn Left Compulsory Ahead or Turn Right Compulsory Cycle Track
Compulsory Sound Horn STOP Give Way

Cautionary Signs or Warning or Precautionary
These signs are for the safety of oneself who is

driving and advice the drivers to obey these signs.
Warning Signs
Right Hand Curve Right Hair Pin Bend

Left Hand Curve
Left Hair Pin Bend Right Reverse Bend Left Reverse Bend
Steep Ascent Steep Descent Narrow Road Ahead

Warning Signs
Road Wideness Ahead

Narrow Bridge Slippery Road
Pedestrian Crossing
School Ahead Falling Rocks
Cross Road Side Road Right Side Road Left

Warning Signs
Y-Intersection Major Road Ahead Roundabout
Dangerous Dip Hump or Rough Road 200 Meters
50-100 Meters 200 Meters 50-100 Meters

Informatory Signs
These signs provide information to the driver about

the facilities available ahead, and the route and distance
to reach the specific destinations
Informative Signs
Destination Sign
Advanced Direction Sign Re-Assurance Sign
Place Identification Sign First Aid Post

Hospital
Informative Signs
Road Marking or Pavement Marking Signs
•Yellow lines separate traffic travelling in opposite

directions.
•White lines separate traffic travelling in the same direction.
A solid line at the left of your lane means it is unsafe to

pass. ('A' should not pass.)
A broken line at the left of your lane means you may pass if
the way is clear. ('A' may pass if there are enough broken lines
ahead to complete the pass safely.)
Broken lines that are wider and closer together than regular
broken lines are called continuity lines. When you see continuity
lines on your left side, it generally means the lane you are in is
ending or exiting and that you must change lanes if you want to
continue in your current direction. Continuity lines on your right
mean your lane will continue unaffected.
Traffic Signals
STOP & WAIT GET READY GO
 Hand Signals by Policeman

 Hand Signals by Drivers
Hand Signals by Policeman
To start one sided vehicles To stop vehicles coming from front To stop vehicles
approaching from
behind
To stop vehicles approaching To stop vehicles approaching

simultaneously from front To start vehicle
simultaneously from right and
and behind approaching from
left
left
To start vehicles coming from right To change sign

Hand Signals by Driver
I intend to move in to the left or turn left
I intend to move out to the right or changing the

lane or turn right
I intend to stop
Hand Signals by Driver
I intend to slow down
Indicating the car following you to overtake

Basic operating procedures: Automatic Transmission
 Start the engine properly

to avoid damaging starter
system or wasting fuel.
 Make sure the gear
selector lever is in PARK. If
the selector is in NEUTRAL,
the car may roll if the
parking brake is not set.
Check the parking brake is
set.
Starting a vehicle
 Set the automatic choke by

pressing the accelerator once to
the floor and release it.
Press the ACCELERATOR lightly
with your right foot and hold it.
Turn the IGNITION key to the
start position . Release the key
as soon as the engine starts.
As the engine IDLES, check the
gauges and warning lights to be
sure that the oil-pressure and
other systems are working
properly
Putting the vehicle in motion
Once the engine is running, it is ready to put the vehicle in

motion.
Press down firmly on the brake pedal.

Use your right hand to shift the gear selector lever to
drive or reverse, depending on which way you tend to
move.
Release the parking brake.
Check for traffic in the rearview and side view mirrors
Putting the vehicle in motion
 Turn ON the
directional signal to
indicate the direction in
which you want to move.
Look over your
shoulder to check blind
spots.
Remove your foot from
the brake and gradually
apply pressure to the
accelerator.
Emergency Braking
The procedures for stopping under emergency

conditions differ slightly. If a driver or pedestrian suddenly
enters your path of travel, you may need to stop the
vehicle as quickly as possible. However you don’t want to
slam on the brakes so hard that the wheels lock. Lock
wheels can increase your stopping distance and can also
cause you to loose steering control and go into a skid.

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Automotive Safety – AUT408

Understanding Traffic Signs and Signals – Unit 1

Dr. T. Senthil Muthu Kumar

• Types of Traffic Signs & Signals

Should fulfill a need

Command attention from the road users

Convey a clear, simple meaning

Must respect the signs

Provide adequate time for proper response

Most easily noticed characteristics

It is the second element discerned by the driver next

This is an important aspect in the case of traffic signs.

It is normally used in the application of road markings,

 Mandatory Signs or Regulatory Signs

 Cautionary Signs or Warning or Precautionary

These signs require the driver to obey the

Straight Prohibited Vehicle Prohibited in Both

Cycle Prohibited Pedestrians Prohibited Right turn Prohibited

Left Turn Prohibited U-Turn Prohibited Overtaking Prohibited

Horn Prohibited Length Limit Width Limit

Height Limit Speed Limit Load Limit

No Parking No Stopping or Standing Restriction Ends Sign

Compulsory Ahead Only Compulsory Keep Left Compulsory Turn Left

Compulsory Sound Horn STOP Give Way

These signs are for the safety of oneself who is

Right Hand Curve Right Hair Pin Bend

Steep Ascent Steep Descent Narrow Road Ahead

Road Wideness Ahead

Cross Road Side Road Right Side Road Left

Y-Intersection Major Road Ahead Roundabout

Dangerous Dip Hump or Rough Road 200 Meters

50-100 Meters 200 Meters 50-100 Meters

These signs provide information to the driver about

Place Identification Sign First Aid Post

•Yellow lines separate traffic travelling in opposite

A solid line at the left of your lane means it is unsafe to

STOP & WAIT GET READY GO

 Hand Signals by Policeman

To stop vehicles approaching To stop vehicles approaching

To start vehicles coming from right To change sign

I intend to move in to the left or turn left

I intend to move out to the right or changing the

I intend to slow down

Indicating the car following you to overtake

 Start the engine properly

 Set the automatic choke by

Once the engine is running, it is ready to put the vehicle in

Press down firmly on the brake pedal.

The procedures for stopping under emergency

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