Chapter 8 - Hydrometeorological Hazards

Water, water everywhere
OBJECTIVES
 1. Distinguish the different
 hydrometeorological hazards.
 2. Recognize signs of impending
 hydrometeorological hazards.
 3. Apply the appropriate measures to be done
before, during, and other hydrometeorological
hazards.
 4. Interpret different hydrometeorological hazard
maps.
5. Use available tools for monitoring
hydrometeorological hazards.
Typhoon Corridor of the Pacific
 With an average of twenty typhoons
that enter our country every year,
some consider the Philippines as the
typhoon corridor of the Pacific.
 There used to be only three grades for

typhoon signals-then it was updated to
four. Lately, it was updated to five.
 Typhoon that enter the Philippine Area of
Responsibility (PAR) typically form at the
Northwestern Pacific Ocean.
 It is known to be most active tropical cyclone basin
on the planet, producing almost a third of the
world’s typhoon.
 The number of typhoon that form in the basin rises

steadily from February until June and reached its
peak from July to November.
 September is considered as the most active month
in the formation of typhoons.
1. Typhoon
 Locally known as “Bagyo” got it’s name in 1911
after heavy rains accumulated 46 inches of
water in a 24-hour period brought about by
storm that hit Baguio.
 There are several conditions in order for storm to
be generated and pick up more winds and rain until
it becomes typhoons.
 1. Awarm sea surface temperature of at least

80 fahrenheit (26.67celsius) at a depth of 150
feet with a high moisture content is what
power a tropical cyclone.
 2. Presence of Inter Tropical Convergenze Zone
(ITCZ)
 3. The presence of Low-pressure areas in ITCZ.
4. Light wind or weak vertical wind shear in the

upper atmosphere
 “Steering Flows”
 TropicalCyclones are called differently

1. Typhoons
2. Hurricanes
3. Cyclones
2. Thunderstorms
* Convection process
 Three basic requirements for thunderstorms to
form:
 1. Moisture or Humidity
 2. Rising unstable air
 3. Lifting mechanism to keep the air rising

 Thunderstorm undergo several stages in
their life cycle
1. Developing Stage
2. Mature stage
3. Dissipating stage
Floods and Flash floods
 Floods – occur when a normally dry piece of
land is covered by large amounts of water.
 Flash floods- occur without warning and

become very dangerous in just a short of
time. a rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying
areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and basins. It may
be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe
thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or melt
water from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets
or snowfield
Storm Surge
A storm surge is a coastal floods or
tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water
commonly associated with low pressure
weather systems (such as tropical cyclones
and strong extra tropical cyclones), the
severity of which is affected by the
shallowness and orientation of the water
body relative to storm path, and the timing
of tides. Most casualties during tropical
cyclones occur as the result of storm surges.
El Niño
 El Niño Southern Oscillation refers to
the cycle of warm and cold
temperatures, as measured by sea
surface temperature, SST, of the
tropical central and eastern Pacific
Ocean. El Niño is accompanied by
high air pressure in the western
Pacific and low air pressure in the
eastern Pacific
La Niña
 La
Niña is a coupled ocean-atmosphere
phenomenon that is the counterpart of El
Niño as part of the broader El Niño–
Southern Oscillation climate pattern.
Surviving Hydrometeorological
Hazard
 Typhoons can be monitored, tracked and
forecasted.
 Before storm surge, make sure that you already
have a good stock of food, drinking water, car
fuel, spare batteries for emergency lights , and
AM/FM radios.
 To those who are living in a coastal areas should
be prepared and to move away from the shore
or evacuate to higher grounds if necessary.
 Before constructing a new house, considered
some flood protection areas.
 When flooding is imminent , transfer your
appliances, documents, and insecticides or other
chemical to the highest place in your house
 NOAH’s immediate task is to integrate
current disaster science research and
development projects and initiate new
efforts within the DOST to achieve this
objective. Presently there are nine(9)
component projects under the NOAH
program, namely:
1. Hydromet Sensors Development

2. DREAM-LIDAR 3D Mapping
3. Flood NET – Flood Information
Network
4. Strategic Communication
5. Disaster Management using WebGIS
6. Enhancing Geohazard Mapping
through LIDAR and High-resolution
Imagery
7. Doppler System Development
8. Landslide Sensors Development
9. Storm Surge Inundation Mapping
10. Weather Information Integration for
System Enhancement (WISE)
Common disease from
Hydrometeorological Hazard
 Leptospirosis
 Dengue
 Malaria

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Water, water everywhere

 There used to be only three grades for

 The number of typhoon that form in the basin rises

 1. Awarm sea surface temperature of at least

 3. The presence of Low-pressure areas in ITCZ.

4. Light wind or weak vertical wind shear in the

 TropicalCyclones are called differently

 2. Rising unstable air

 3. Lifting mechanism to keep the air rising

 Flash floods- occur without warning and

1. Hydromet Sensors Development

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