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1 Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk-2

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324 views27 pages

1 Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk-2

Uploaded by

John Serrio Odaibmac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DISASTER READINESS

AND RISK REDUCTION


Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk
COPYRIGHT

This is an exclusive and copyrighted property of REX Book Store Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this material shall be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by
any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical
methods, without the prior written consent of REX Book Store Inc.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Chapter 1
Basic Concept of Disaster and
Disaster Risk

WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH
Learning Objectives
• To describe how hazard becomes a disaster
• To differentiate hazard, vulnerability, exposure,
disaster, and disaster risk
• To analyze the impacts of disasters
• To list ways to reduce the impact of disasters

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Section 1.1
Concept of Disaster

WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH
The Occurrence of a Disaster
The occurrence of a disaster depends on the interplay between a natural
phenomenon or event (that can turn into a hazard) and the vulnerability of
populations exposed (exposure and vulnerability).

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


When Does a Natural Event Become a
Hazard?
 Natural events do not automatically become hazards, much less cause
disasters.

 Under what circumstances then do natural phenomena can be considered


hazards? Natural phenomena can be considered hazards when the threat
of damage, injury, and even death exists.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Activity 1
OBJECTIVE: This activity will let the students discover various natural
phenomena and when these can be considered hazards.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


When Does a Hazard Become a
Disaster?
 A disaster happens when the probable destructive agent, known as the
hazard, hits a vulnerable populated area.

 Therefore, a natural event like a volcanic eruption or tsunami becomes a


disaster only if it hits vulnerable populations and properties.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


The Relationship between Hazard,
Disaster, and Vulnerability

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Activity 2
OBJECTIVE: This activity will let the students review disaster concepts and
distinguish between the various types of hazards.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Section Assessment
1. Name three natural phenomena that your community considers as
hazards. Explain why they are considered as hazards.
2. Explain what is meant by “Buildings kill people, not earthquakes”.
3. Is the large magnitude of a natural hazard a guarantee for a disaster?
Why or why not?
4. Explain how a seemingly harmless normal river situated in the middle of a
rapidly developing city may cause a disaster.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Section 1.2
Disaster Risk

WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH
Recognizing the Differences of
Disasters
No two disasters are alike. And although some are definitely similar,
appreciating their differences in terms of their nature and magnitude of
triggering hazards, exposed elements at risk, and vulnerabilities will help us
deal with potential disasters.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Factors That Determine the Magnitude
of Disaster
1. The severity of the natural event

2. The quantity of exposure of the elements at risk which includes lives and
properties

3. Vulnerability level or quality of exposure

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


The Elements of Risk
 Thus, Disaster Risk can be expressed as a function of hazard, exposure,
and vulnerability

or

Disaster Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Disaster Risk Reduction through
Reduction of Exposure and Vulnerability

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Activity 3
OBJECTIVE: This activity will let the students formulate a qualitative risk
map from analysis of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Section Assessment
1. What are the elements of disaster risk? Explain the significance of each
element of disaster risk in determining the odds of a disaster happening
and its impacts.
2. What advantages do qualitative determination disaster risk and its
elements have over quantitative estimates of these?
3. How would people, the business sector, and government institutions
benefit from measuring the relative level of disaster risk?
4. Given that the occurrence of potentially hazardous natural phenomena
cannot be prevented, discuss in terms of the elements of disaster risk
ways by which disasters and disaster risk can be minimized.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Section 1.3
Nature and Effects of Disasters

WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH
It Pays to Be Aware
Being aware of the nature of hazards and what these can do to people and
other elements at risk is the first step in every effort to minimize the effects
of disasters.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Characteristics of Disasters
• Disasters are inherently unexpected or come quickly with little or no
warning, resulting in, widespread death, injury, and property damage.

• Disasters cannot be managed through normal means, thus, they often


require immediate and effective intervention of both national government
agencies (NGAs) and non-government organizations (NGOs) to help meet
the needs of the victims.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Characteristics of Disasters
• They know no political boundary.
• They require restructured and new responding organizations.
• They create new tasks and requires more people as disaster responders.
• They render inutile routine emergency response equipment and facilities.
• They worsen confusion in understanding roles of peoples and
organizations
• They expose lack of disaster planning, response and coordination.
Inexperienced disaster organizations often fail to see what their proper
roles are.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Impacts of Disasters
• Deaths
• Destruction or damage to homes and buildings
• Destruction of crops and decreased quality or quantity of water
• Medical effects
• Damage to critical facilities
• Disruption of transportation
• Wider economic impact
• Global environmental change
• Social and political impact

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Activity 4
OBJECTIVE: This activity will let the students analyze the human and
economic impacts of recent notable disasters and the effects of these
impacts to the economic and social development of a country.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH


Section Assessment
1. Do more unpredictable natural hazards cause more damage and
casualties? Why or why not?
2. What would you consider as the worst impact of disasters? Why?
3. Can you consider spending to make a school or an office building
earthquake-proof as good investment? Why?
4. Assuming that a country like the Philippines can afford, what portion of
its annual budget should it spend for disaster-related programs? How
justified is this figure?
5. What would you consider a better policy, focusing on preparedness and
other pre-disaster programs or on post-disaster-related concerns (relief,
rescue, and rehabilitation)? Explain your answer.

Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH

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