UCSP

HOW SOCIETY IS
ORGANIZED?
SOCIAL GROUPS
GROUPS: THE HEART OF INTERACTION
SOCIAL GROUPS
PRIMARY GROUP
THIS IS TYPICALLY A SMALL SOCIAL GROUP

WHOSE MEMBERS SHARE CLOSE, PERSONAL,
ENDURING RELATIONSHIPS.
SECONDARY GROUP
THIS HAS THE OPPOSITE CHARACTERISTIC

OF THE PRIMARY GROUP
REFERENCE GROUP
THIS IS THE GROUP WHICH WE COMPARE

OURSELVES
2 CLASSIFICATIONS:
IN-GROUP
OUT-GROUP
LESSON 2
CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL

INSTITUTIONS: KINSHIP, MARRIAGE
AND HOUSEHOLD
KINSHIP
IS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION THAT REFERS TO

RELATIONS FORMED BETWEEN MEMBERS OF
SOCIETY
TYPES OF KINSHIP
KINSHIP BY BLOOD
CONSANGUINEAL KINSHIP/KINSHIP BASED ON BLOOD IS
CONSIDERED AS THE MOST BASIC AND GENERAL FORM OF
RELATIONS.
DESCENT- REFERS TO BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP
LINEAGE- REFERS TO THE LINE WHERE ONE’S DESCENT IS
TRACED
PRINCIPLES OF DESCENT
UNILINEAL DESCENT
MATRILINEAL DESCENT
BILATERAL DESCENT
PRINCIPLES OF DESCENT
SYMBOLS USED BY ANTHROPOLOGISTS TO STUDY PATTERNS
OF DESCENT AND KIN GROUPS
MALE FEMALE =
= MARRIAGE BOND
| DESCENT BOND
- CODESCENT BOND CHILDREN
KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
AFFINAL KINSHIP OR KINSHIP BASED ON MARRIAGE REFERS
TO THE TYPE OF RELATIONS DEVELOPED WHEN MARRIAGE
OCCURS
FAMILY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
DEFINES MARRIAGE:
MARRIAGE ACROSS CULTURES
DIFFERENT SOCIETIES HAVE DIFFERENT SET OF CULTURES

THAT NEEDS TO BE FOLLOWED HOW A MARRIAGE SHOULD
BE DONE
ENDOGAMY AND EXOGAMY
• ENDOGAMY
MEMBERS OF SOCIETY WHO DISOBEY THE
ENDOGAMOUS RULES OF MARRIAGE ARE PENALIZED OR
RECEIVE MORE SEVERE SANCTIONS LIKE DEATH OR OSTRACISM
• EXOGAMY
AN INDIVIDUAL IS REQUIRED TO MARRY SOMEONE
OUTSIDE THEIR OWN GROUP
MONOGAMY AND POLYGAMY
• “MONOS AND GAMOS” MEANS “ONE UNION”
AN INDIVIDUAL HAS ONLY ONE MALE OR FEMALE
PARTNER OR MATE.
• POLYGAMY
REFERS TO PRACTICE OF HAVING MORE THAN ONE
PARTNER
POSTMARITAL RESIDENCY RULES
PATRILOCAL RULE
OCCURS WHEN MARRIED COUPLES STAY IN

THE HOUSE OF THE HUSBAND’S
RELATIVES OR NEAR THE HUSBAND’S KIN
MATRILOCAL RULE
WHEN COUPLES LIVE WITH THE WIFE’S

RELATIVES OR NEAR THE WIFE’S KIN
BIOLOCAL RULE
HAPPENS WHEN THE NEWLYWED COUPLE

STAYS WITH THE HUSBAND AND WIFE’S
RELATIVES ALTERNATELY
REFFERED MARRIAGES AND
ARRANGED MARRIAGES
CHILD MARRIAGE
IT HAPPENS WHEN PARENTS

ARRANGE THE MARRIAGE OF THEIR
CHILD LONG BEFORE THE MARRIAGE
TAKES PLACE
EXCHANGE MARRIAGE
IN THIS FORM OF MARRIAGE THERE IS

A RECIPROCAL EXCHANGE
DIPLOMATIC MARRIAGE
THIS OCCURS WHEN AN ARRANGED MARRIAGE HAS
BEEN ESTABLISHED BETWEEN TWO ROYAL OR
POLITICAL FAMILIES IN ORDER FORGE POLITICAL OR
DIPLOMATIC ALLIANCES
MODERN ARRANGED MARRIAGE
THE CHILD’S PARENT, WITH THE CHILD’S

CONSENT, CHOOSE FROM SEVERAL
POSSIBLE MATES.
KINSHIP BY RITUALS
COMPADRAZGO- “GODPARENTHOOD”
IS A RITUALIZED FORM OF FORGING CO-PARENTHOOD OR
FAMILY.
FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD
NUCLEAR FAMILY AND EXTENDED
FAMILY
IS A TYPE OF FAMILY THAT IS MADE UP OF A
GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO ARE UNITED BY SOCAL
TIES AND IS USUALLY MADE UP OF ADULTS AND
THEIR SOCIALLY RECOGNIZED CHILDREN
• A SINGLE NUCLEAR FAMILY AND OTHER
PERSONS REALTED TO THE NUCEUS (E.G. A
FATHER LIVING WITH HIS CHILD OR
CHILDREN AND OTHER RELATIVES/ A
LMARRIED COUPLE LIVING WITH THEIR
RELATIVES)
• TWO OR MORE NUCLEAR FAMILIES RELATED
TO EACH OTHER WITHOUT ANY OTHER
PERSONS (E.G. TWO OR MORE MARRIED
COUPLES WITH CHILD OR CHILDREN)
• TWO OR MORE NUCLEAR FAMILIES THAT ARE
RELATED TO EACH OTHER PLUS OTHER
PERSONS RELATED TO ATLEAST ONE OF THE
NUCLEAR FAMILIES . AN EXAMPLE WOULD BE
TWO OR MORE MARRIED CUPLES WITH OTHER
RELATIVES ONLY
BLENDED OR RECONSTITUTED
FAMILIES
BLENDED FAMILY
• IS A TYPE OF FAMILY WHERE THE PARENTS

HAVE A CHILD OR CHILDREN FROM PREVIOUS
MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS BUT ALL THE
MEMBERS STAY AND CONGREGATETO FORM A
NEW FAMILY UNIT.
KINSHIP OF POLITICS: POLITICAL
DYNASTY AND ALLIANCES
POLITICAL DYNASTY
• “TWO OR MOREINDIVIDUALS WHO ARE RELATED WITHIN
THE SECOND DEGREE F CONSANGUINITY” OR “THOSE
ERELATIVES OF A PERSON WHO MAY BE THE LATTER’S
BROTHER OR SISTER DIRECT ASCENDANT OR INDIRECT
DESCENDANT, WHETHER LEGITIMATE OR ILLEGITIMATE,
FULL OR HALF BLOOD, INCLUDING THEIR SPOUSES”
HOLD ELECTED POSITIONS (DAVID,2014)
POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP
STRUCTURES
CHIEFDOMS
• IS DEFINED AS A POLITICAL
ORGANIZATON THAT IS MORE
DEFINED
CHIEFDOMS CAN BE EITHER:
• SIMPLE
• COMPLEX
SIMPLE CHIEFDOM
• CHARACTERIZED BY A CENTRAL
VILLAGE OR COMMUNITY RULED BY A
SINGLE FAMILY
COMPLEX CHIEFDOM
• IS COMPOSED OF SEVERAL SIMPLE

CHIEFDOMS RULED BY A SINGLE
PARAMOUNT CHIEF RESIDING IN A
SINGLE PARAMOUNT CENTER
NATIONS AND STATES
POLITICAL LEGITIMACY AND
AUTHORITY
WEBER AND THE TYPES OF
LEGITIMATE AUTHORITY

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HOW SOCIETY IS

THIS IS TYPICALLY A SMALL SOCIAL GROUP

THIS HAS THE OPPOSITE CHARACTERISTIC

THIS IS THE GROUP WHICH WE COMPARE

CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL

IS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION THAT REFERS TO

DIFFERENT SOCIETIES HAVE DIFFERENT SET OF CULTURES

OCCURS WHEN MARRIED COUPLES STAY IN

WHEN COUPLES LIVE WITH THE WIFE’S

HAPPENS WHEN THE NEWLYWED COUPLE

IT HAPPENS WHEN PARENTS

IN THIS FORM OF MARRIAGE THERE IS

THE CHILD’S PARENT, WITH THE CHILD’S

• IS A TYPE OF FAMILY WHERE THE PARENTS

• IS COMPOSED OF SEVERAL SIMPLE

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