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    The RH Factor

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    lisa
    The Rh blood type was discovered in 1937 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Weiner. They produced a serum by immunizing rabbits with red blood cells from rhesus monkeys. When tested on human blood, this serum found that 85% of black and Asian people had the same factor present in rhesus monkey blood, which was termed the Rh factor. The Rh factor is a protein found on red blood cells, and the D antigen is the most immunogenic of the six common Rh antigens. If the Rh protein is present, the blood is Rh positive, and if absent, it is Rh negative. The Rh factor is important in blood banking and can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn if a Rh negative

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    The RH Factor

    Uploaded by

    lisa
    470 views19 pages
    The Rh blood type was discovered in 1937 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Weiner. They produced a serum by immunizing rabbits with red blood cells from rhesus monkeys. When tested on human blood, this serum found that 85% of black and Asian people had the same factor present in rhesus monkey blood, which was termed the Rh factor. The Rh factor is a protein found on red blood cells, and the D antigen is the most immunogenic of the six common Rh antigens. If the Rh protein is present, the blood is Rh positive, and if absent, it is Rh negative. The Rh factor is important in blood banking and can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn if a Rh negative

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    Rh Factor

    Original Title

    The Rh Factor

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    The Rh blood type was discovered in 1937 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Weiner. They produced a serum by immunizing rabbits with red blood cells from rhesus monkeys. When tested on human blood, this serum found that 85% of black and Asian people had the same factor present in rhesus monkey blood, which was termed the Rh factor. The Rh factor is a protein found on red blood cells, and the D antigen is the most immunogenic of the six common Rh antigens. If the Rh protein is present, the blood is Rh positive, and if absent, it is Rh negative. The Rh factor is important in blood banking and can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn if a Rh negative

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    470 views19 pages

    The RH Factor

    Uploaded by

    lisa
    The Rh blood type was discovered in 1937 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Weiner. They produced a serum by immunizing rabbits with red blood cells from rhesus monkeys. When tested on human blood, this serum found that 85% of black and Asian people had the same factor present in rhesus monkey blood, which was termed the Rh factor. The Rh factor is a protein found on red blood cells, and the D antigen is the most immunogenic of the six common Rh antigens. If the Rh protein is present, the blood is Rh positive, and if absent, it is Rh negative. The Rh factor is important in blood banking and can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn if a Rh negative

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    History and Discovery of

    Rh Blood Type
    • The Rh blood type is named after the
    Rhesus monkey.
    • First discovered in 1937 by Karl
    Landsteiner and Alexander S. Weiner.
    • The serum that led to the discovery of
    Rh was produced by immunizing the
    rabbits with red blood cells from a
    rhesus macaque.
    History and Discovery of Rh
    Blood Type
    • The antigen that induced this immunization was
    designated by them as a Rh factor to indicate
    rhesus blood.
    • When blood was tested by with the rabbit
    serum, they found out that 85% of black and
    Asians have similar factor present in rhesus
    monkey blood such as the blood was Rh positive.
    History and Discovery of Rh
    Blood Type
    • From its discovery 60 years ago, it become
    second important blood to the ABO blood type in
    the field of transfusion medicine.
    What is RH Factor?

    • Also known as Rhesus factor

    • Type of protein found on the outside of the red


    blood cells.

    • One of the most complex of all RBC blood group


    systems with more than 45 different antigens.
    Rh Antigens

    • Rh antigens are highly immunogenic.

    • Among the 45 antigens, there are 6 common


    types of RH antigens each is called RH factor.

    • D-antigen is the most potent.


    D>c>E>C>e
    Highly Rarely
    Immunogenic
    Rh Genetics

    • 2 closely linked genes control the expression of


    ALL Rh antigens.

    Example:
    • RHDd gene- determines the expression of D and
    d antigens
    • RHCE gene- determines the expression of C, c,
    E and e antigens.
    RH as Positive or
    Negative
    • If the protein (Rh antigens) is present on the
    surface of the Red Blood Cells, the blood will be
    termed as RH- positive

    • If the protein (Rh antigens) is not present on the


    surface of the Red Blood Cells, the blood will be
    termed as RH- negative.
    Importance of Rh System

    • After A and B antigen, D is the


    most important red blood cell
    antigen in blood banking.

    • The D- antibody can cause


    transfusion reactions like
    Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
    (HDN) and Erythroblastosis fetalis.
    Inheritance of Rh factor
    If a man who is a homozygous Rh dominant is married
    to a woman who is Rh recessive. What is the phenotypic
    and genotypic ratio of their offspring?

    RR rr
    (heterozygous (Rh Recessive)
    Rh dominant)
    R R r r

    Gametes:
    x
    R r

    Offspring: ALL R r
    Result
    • Genotypic Ratio: 1 (Rr)

    • Phenotypic Ratio: 1 (All Children are Rh positive)


    Rh incompatibility

    • Happens during pregnancy when the mother


    and the fetus have different Rh factors.

    • If the mother is Rh-negative and her baby is a


    Rh- positive, during pregnancy, some of the
    fetus’s Rh- positive red blood cells may get into
    the mother’s blood stream.
    • Sensitization- process in which mother’s body
    will try to fight them off by producing antibodies.
    Possible Result

    HDFN(Hemolytic Disease of
    Fetus and the New born)
    Possible Result

    Miscarriage Ectopic delivery

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