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    Courve

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    Neeraj Sharma
    This document discusses curves and fractals in computer graphics. It describes how Bezier curves are used to draw curved objects and are determined by control points. Fractals are also covered, which are complex pictures generated through iterations of a formula. Examples of fractal curves like the Koch snowflake and fractal trees are shown. The document then explains how 3D transformations like translation, rotation, scaling, and shearing can manipulate objects in 3D space.

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    Courve

    Uploaded by

    Neeraj Sharma
    37 views24 pages
    This document discusses curves and fractals in computer graphics. It describes how Bezier curves are used to draw curved objects and are determined by control points. Fractals are also covered, which are complex pictures generated through iterations of a formula. Examples of fractal curves like the Koch snowflake and fractal trees are shown. The document then explains how 3D transformations like translation, rotation, scaling, and shearing can manipulate objects in 3D space.

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    This document discusses curves and fractals in computer graphics. It describes how Bezier curves are used to draw curved objects and are determined by control points. Fractals are also covered, which are complex pictures generated through iterations of a formula. Examples of fractal curves like the Koch snowflake and fractal trees are shown. The document then explains how 3D transformations like translation, rotation, scaling, and shearing can manipulate objects in 3D space.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    37 views24 pages

    Courve

    Uploaded by

    Neeraj Sharma
    This document discusses curves and fractals in computer graphics. It describes how Bezier curves are used to draw curved objects and are determined by control points. Fractals are also covered, which are complex pictures generated through iterations of a formula. Examples of fractal curves like the Koch snowflake and fractal trees are shown. The document then explains how 3D transformations like translation, rotation, scaling, and shearing can manipulate objects in 3D space.

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    Chapter 5

    Curves and Fractals


    Curve Generation
    • In computer graphics, we often need
    to draw different types of objects
    onto the screen.
    • Objects are not flat all the time and
    we need to draw curves many times
    to draw an object.
    Curve
    • A curve is an infinitely large set of
    points. Each point has two neighbors
    except endpoints in specific direction.
    Bezier curve
    • Bezier curve is discovered by the French
    engineer Pierre Bézier. These curves
    can be generated under the control of
    other points.
    Bezier curve
    • The simplest Bézier curve is the straight line from the point P0
    to P1.
    • A quadratic Bezier curve is determined by three control
    points.
    • A cubic Bezier curve is determined by four control points.
    Properties of Bezier Curves
    • They always pass through the first and last
    control points.

    • The degree of the polynomial is one less


    that the number of defining polygon point.
    Therefore, for 4 control points, the degree
    of the polynomial is 3, i.e. cubic
    polynomial.
    Properties of Bezier Curves
    • A Bezier curve generally follows the shape
    of the defining polygon.
    • The direction angle of the end points is
    same as that of the first and last segments
    • A given Bezier curve can be subdivided
    into two Bezier segments which join
    together to form a new shapes.
    Fractals
    Fractals
    • Fractals are very complex pictures
    generated by a computer from a
    single formula.
    • They are created using iterations.
    • This means one formula is repeated
    with slightly different values over
    and over again, taking into account
    the results from the previous
    iteration.
    Fractals are used in many areas
     Astronomy:
    For analyzing galaxies ,
    rings of Saturn

     Biology/Chemistry:
    For depicting bacteria
    cultures, Chemical
    reactions,
    Human anatomy,
    molecules,
    Plants etc
    Koch Fractals (Snowflakes)
    1/3 1/3

    1 1/3 1/3
    Generator

    Iteration 0 Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3


    Fractal Tree

    Generator

    Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3 Iteration 4 Iteration 5


    Fractal Fern

    Generator

    Iteration 0 Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3


    Fractals
    Generation of Fractals
    Fractals can be
    generated by repeating
    the same shape over
    and over again as
    shown in the following
    figure. In figure (a)
    Fig: (a)
    shows an equilateral
    triangle.
    Fractals

    In figure (b), we
    can see that the
    triangle is
    repeated to
    create a star-like
    shape.
    Fig: (b)
    Fractals

    In figure (c), we
    can see that the
    star shape in
    figure (b) is
    repeated again
    and again to
    create a new
    Fig: (c)
    shape.
    3D Transformation
    In the 2D system, we use
    only two coordinates X
    and Y but in 3D, an extra
    coordinate Z is added.

    3D graphics techniques
    and their application are
    fundamental to the
    entertainment, games,
    and computer-aided
    design industries.
    Translation
    In 3D translation, we
    transfer the Z
    coordinate along with
    the X and Y
    coordinates. The
    process for translation
    in 3D is similar to 2D
    translation. A
    translation moves an
    Figure: 3D Translation
    object into a different
    position on the screen.
    Rotation
    3D rotation is not
    same as 2D rotation.
    In 3D rotation, we
    have to specify the
    angle of rotation
    along with the axis
    of rotation. We can
    perform 3D rotation
    about X, Y, and Z Figure: 3D Rotation

    axes.
    Rotation
    The following figure explains the rotation about
    various axis:

    Rotation about x-axis Rotation about y-axis Rotation about z-axis


    Scaling
    You can change the size of
    an object using scaling
    transformation.
    In the scaling process, you
    either expand or compress
    the dimensions of the
    object.
    Scaling can be achieved by
    multiplying the original
    coordinates of the object
    with the scaling factor to Figure: 3D Scaling
    get the desired result.
    Shear

    A transformation that
    slants the shape of an
    object is called the
    shear transformation.

    Like in 2D shear, we can


    shear an object along
    Figure: 3D Shearing
    the X-axis, Y-axis, or Z-
    axis in 3D.
    Thank u..

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