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    Structured Data Type: Arrays

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    Palanivig Palanivig
    This document discusses structured data in C++, specifically arrays. It defines an array as a collection of variables of the same type that are referenced by a common name. There are two types of arrays: single dimensional arrays and multi-dimensional arrays. Single dimensional arrays are the simplest type and store elements in contiguous memory locations. Multi-dimensional arrays have more than one index and can be thought of as a table with rows and columns. The document provides examples of declaring, initializing, and accessing elements of single and multi-dimensional arrays in C++. It also discusses passing arrays to functions and how arrays are treated as pointers in C++.

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    Structured Data Type: Arrays

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    Palanivig Palanivig
    34 views23 pages
    This document discusses structured data in C++, specifically arrays. It defines an array as a collection of variables of the same type that are referenced by a common name. There are two types of arrays: single dimensional arrays and multi-dimensional arrays. Single dimensional arrays are the simplest type and store elements in contiguous memory locations. Multi-dimensional arrays have more than one index and can be thought of as a table with rows and columns. The document provides examples of declaring, initializing, and accessing elements of single and multi-dimensional arrays in C++. It also discusses passing arrays to functions and how arrays are treated as pointers in C++.

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    arrays

    Original Title

    12_ARRAYS

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    This document discusses structured data in C++, specifically arrays. It defines an array as a collection of variables of the same type that are referenced by a common name. There are two types of arrays: single dimensional arrays and multi-dimensional arrays. Single dimensional arrays are the simplest type and store elements in contiguous memory locations. Multi-dimensional arrays have more than one index and can be thought of as a table with rows and columns. The document provides examples of declaring, initializing, and accessing elements of single and multi-dimensional arrays in C++. It also discusses passing arrays to functions and how arrays are treated as pointers in C++.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    34 views23 pages

    Structured Data Type: Arrays

    Uploaded by

    Palanivig Palanivig
    This document discusses structured data in C++, specifically arrays. It defines an array as a collection of variables of the same type that are referenced by a common name. There are two types of arrays: single dimensional arrays and multi-dimensional arrays. Single dimensional arrays are the simplest type and store elements in contiguous memory locations. Multi-dimensional arrays have more than one index and can be thought of as a table with rows and columns. The document provides examples of declaring, initializing, and accessing elements of single and multi-dimensional arrays in C++. It also discusses passing arrays to functions and how arrays are treated as pointers in C++.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    CHAPTER 12

    STRUCTURED DATA
    TYPE
    ARRAYS
    INTRODUCTION
    An array is a collection of variables
    of same type that are referenced by a
    common name .
    C++ allows more type of data i.e its
    derived data type.(integer and floating
    point).
    TYPES OF ARRAYS

    1.Single dimensional arrays


    2. Multi-dimensional arrays(two-dimensional
    arrays)
    1.Single dimensional array
    It is simplest type of array. C++
    array’s index numbering starts with 0.
    An array must be defined before it
    can be used to store information . Ex.
    Type array-name[size] ;
    Base Type:
    The data type of array elements is
    known as the base type of the array.
    Sample Program
    void main()
    {
    float marks[10];
    for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
    { cout<<“Enter marks of student”<<i+1<<“\n”;
    cin>>marks[i];
    }
    cout<<“\n”;
    for(i=0;i<10;i++)
    cout<<“marks[“<<i<<“]=“<<marks[i]<<“\n”;
    getch();
    }
    Searching Operation
    void main()
    { int A[20],size,i,flag=0,num,pos;
    cout<<“\nEnter the number of elements in the array:”;
    cin>>size;
    cout<<“\nEnter the elements of array(in ascending order):”;
    for(i=0;i<size;i++)
    { cin>>A[i];}
    cout<<“\nEnter the element to be searched for:”;
    cin>>num;
    for(i=0;i<size;i++)
    if(A[i]==num)
    {
    flag=1;
    pos=i;
    break;
    }
    Searching Operation
    if(flag==0)
    cout<<“\n Element not found”;
    else
    cout<<“\n Element found at position”<<(pos+1);
    getch();
    }
    Output:
    Enter the number of elements in the array:5
    Enter the elements of array(in ascending order):
    1 4 7 9 8
    Enter the element to be searched for: 9
    Element found at position 4
    Memory Representation of single
    dimensional array
    Single dimension arrays are essentially list of
    information of same type and stored in
    contiguous memory location in their index
    order.
    Ex .
    char Grade [5];
    Will have element grade[0] at first location,
    grade[1] in the next position.
    TYPES OF ARRAYS
    . Grade[0] Grade[1] Grade[2] Grade[3] Grade[4]

    Address 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

    The amount of storage required to


    hold an array is directly related to its
    type and size can be computed on the
    following formula
    Total bytes=sizeof(type)*size of array
    STRING AS AN ARRAY
    C++ does not have string data type
    rather it implements string as a single –
    dimension character array. A string is
    defined as a character array that is
    terminated by a null character.
    Ex.
    To declare an character array that
    hold 10 character string we would write
    char str[10];
    TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
    A two dimensional array is an array in
    which each element is itself an array. Ex
    An array A[m][n] is an m by n table with
    m rows and n columns containing m*n table.

    0 N-1

    M-1
    PROCESSING 2 D ARRAY
    We use nested loops to process 2 d array. one
    loop process the rows and another columns .If
    outer loops is for rows and inner loop for columns
    then each row index, all columns are processed
    and then the same process is repeated.
    int A [2][3];
    int i,j;
    for(i=1;i<=2;++i)
    {
    for (j=1;j <=3; ++j)
    { cout<<“enter element”;
    cin >> A [ i ] [ j ] ;
    }
    cout<<“\n”;
    MEMORY REPRESENTATION
    OF 2D ARRAY
    Two dimension array are stored in a row
    column matrix, where the first index
    represents the row and second indicates the
    column. This means that the second index
    changes faster than first index when
    accessing the elements in an array order.
    The formula to calculate the total number
    of bytes of two d array are:
    Total bytes=no of rows *no of columns*size of base
    MATRICES AS 2D ARRAYS

    Matrix is a set of mn numbers arranged


    in a rectangular array of m rows and n
    columns. Such matrix is called m by n
    matrix.
    int Mat [5] [4] ; //if matrix contains integers
    Or
    float Mat [5] [4] ;
    ARRAY OF STRINGS
    An array of string is a two dimensional
    character array . The size of the first index
    determines the number of strings and size of
    second index determines maximum length
    of each string.
    Eg:
    char str[60];
    ARRAY INITIALIZATION
    C++ provides the facility of an array
    initialization at the time of declaration. The
    arrays are initialization in the same way as
    other variable.ex .
    Type array_name [size]={value-list};

    Following code initializes an integer


    array with 12 elements
    int rno[10]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};

    This would place 1 is rno[0],2 is rno[2].


    ARRAY INITIALIZATION
    Character arrays can also be initialized like:
    Char string [10]=“program”;
    Will initialize it as
    char string [10]={‘p’ , ‘r’ , ‘o’ , ‘g’ , ’r’ , ‘a’ ,’m’, \0}
    Two dimension will do it in:
    int cube [ 5 ] [2]= { 1 ,1,
    2 , 8,
    3, 27,
    4, 68,
    5, 25};
    char string[2][7]={“Sunday”,”Monday”};
    UNSIZED ARRAY
    INITIALIZATIONS
    C++ allows you to skip the size of an
    array is the initialization . This is called an
    unsized array. C++ calculates is size and
    creates it as required.
    char s1 [ ] =“first string”;
    int val[ ]={2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
    float amount [ ]={2341.57, 1900.70};
    CALLING FUNCTION WITH
    ARRAY
    C++ interprets an array name as the
    address of its first element. C++ treats the
    name of an array as if it were a pointer.
    When an array is used as an argument to
    a function, only the address of the array gets
    passed not a copy of the entire array.
    Program
    void main()
    { void display(int age[10]);
    int age[10],i;
    cout<<“Enter elements:\n”;
    for(i=0;i<10;i++)
    cin>>age[i];
    display(age);
    getch();
    }
    void display(int a[10])
    { for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
    cout<<“\n”<<a[i];
    Program-unsized array
    void main()
    { void display(int age[]);
    int age[10],i,n;
    cin>>n;
    cout<<“Enter elements:\n”;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    cin>>age[i];
    display(age);
    getch();
    }
    void display(int a[])
    { for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    cout<<“\n”<<a[i];
    }
    Program-pointer argument
    void main()
    { void display(int age[10]);
    int age[10],i;
    cout<<“Enter elements:\n”;
    for(i=0;i<10;i++)
    cin>>age[i];
    display(age);
    getch();
    }
    void display(int *a)
    { for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
    cout<<“\n”<<a[i];
    THANK
    YOU

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