Systematic risk stems from factors that affect the entire market, such as changes in investment policy, taxation, or global threats. Unsystematic risk is unique to a specific firm or industry. There are various statistical techniques to measure financial risk, including range, standard deviation, variance, and coefficient of variance. Risk refers to uncertainty where some possibilities involve losses. It is present when the outcome of an event is unknown and there is a probability attached.
Systematic risk stems from factors that affect the entire market, such as changes in investment policy, taxation, or global threats. Unsystematic risk is unique to a specific firm or industry. There are various statistical techniques to measure financial risk, including range, standard deviation, variance, and coefficient of variance. Risk refers to uncertainty where some possibilities involve losses. It is present when the outcome of an event is unknown and there is a probability attached.
Systematic risk stems from factors that affect the entire market, such as changes in investment policy, taxation, or global threats. Unsystematic risk is unique to a specific firm or industry. There are various statistical techniques to measure financial risk, including range, standard deviation, variance, and coefficient of variance. Risk refers to uncertainty where some possibilities involve losses. It is present when the outcome of an event is unknown and there is a probability attached.
Systematic risk stems from factors that affect the entire market, such as changes in investment policy, taxation, or global threats. Unsystematic risk is unique to a specific firm or industry. There are various statistical techniques to measure financial risk, including range, standard deviation, variance, and coefficient of variance. Risk refers to uncertainty where some possibilities involve losses. It is present when the outcome of an event is unknown and there is a probability attached.
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Basics of Risk Management
Dr. Rakesh Kumar Sharma
Risk • Risk in a Traditional Sense Risk in holding securities is generally associated with possibility that realized returns will be less than the returns that were expected. Risk • Risk is a state of Uncertainty where some of the possibilities involve a loss. Normally when the outcome of an event is not known and a probability or What if element is attached to it, then there is a risk. Systematic risk • Systematic risk is due to risk factors that affect the entire market such as investment policy changes, foreign investment policy, change in taxation clauses, shift in socio-economic parameters, global security threats and measures etc. Market Risk
• Finding stock prices falling from time to time
while a company’s earnings are rising, and vice versa, is not uncommon. • The price of a stock may fluctuate widely within a short span of time even though earnings remain unchanged. Contd..... • The causes of this phenomenon are varied, but it is mainly due to a change in investors’ attitudes toward equities in general, or toward certain types or groups of securities in particular. Interest-Rate Risk • Interest-rate risk refers to the uncertainty of future market values and of the size of future income, caused by fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Contd...... • The root cause of interest-rate risk lies in the fact that, as the rate of interest paid on U.S. government securities (USGs) rises or falls, the rates of return demanded on alternative investment vehicles such as stocks and bonds issued in the private sector, rise or fall. Purchasing-Power Risk • Purchasing-power risk is the uncertainty the purchasing power of the amounts to be received. In more everyday terms, purchasing- power risk refers to the impact of inflation or deflation on an investment. Contd.... • If we think of investment as the postponement of consumption, we can see that when a person purchases a stock, he has foregone the opportunity to buy some good or service for as long as he owns the stock. • If, during the holding period, good or services rise, the investor actually loses purchasing power. Contd.... • Rising prices on goods and services are normally associated with what is referred to as inflation. Falling prices on goods and services are termed deflation. Unsystematic Risk • Unsystematic risk is the portion of total risk that is unique or peculiar to a firm or an industry, above and beyond that affecting securities market in general. Contd.... • Factors such as management capability, consumer preferences, and labor strikes can cause unsystematic variability of returns for a company’s stock. Techniques of Risk Measurement • Following are the different types of statistical and financial techniques, which are used to measure the degree of financial risk: • Range • Standard Deviation • Variance • Coefficient of Variance