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    Rib Fracture

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    Anantaah
    Rib fractures occur when a force causes a break in the rib. Children and younger adults are less likely to experience rib fractures than elderly individuals. Most rib fractures result from blunt or penetrating chest trauma, though they can also occur spontaneously from severe coughing or due to osteoporosis. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, and possibly imaging like chest x-rays or CT scans. Treatment focuses on pain management, rest, and surgery in severe cases. Complications can include respiratory failure.

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    Rib Fracture

    Uploaded by

    Anantaah
    2K views8 pages
    Rib fractures occur when a force causes a break in the rib. Children and younger adults are less likely to experience rib fractures than elderly individuals. Most rib fractures result from blunt or penetrating chest trauma, though they can also occur spontaneously from severe coughing or due to osteoporosis. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, and possibly imaging like chest x-rays or CT scans. Treatment focuses on pain management, rest, and surgery in severe cases. Complications can include respiratory failure.

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    Rib fractures occur when a force causes a break in the rib. Children and younger adults are less likely to experience rib fractures than elderly individuals. Most rib fractures result from blunt or penetrating chest trauma, though they can also occur spontaneously from severe coughing or due to osteoporosis. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, and possibly imaging like chest x-rays or CT scans. Treatment focuses on pain management, rest, and surgery in severe cases. Complications can include respiratory failure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views8 pages

    Rib Fracture

    Uploaded by

    Anantaah
    Rib fractures occur when a force causes a break in the rib. Children and younger adults are less likely to experience rib fractures than elderly individuals. Most rib fractures result from blunt or penetrating chest trauma, though they can also occur spontaneously from severe coughing or due to osteoporosis. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, and possibly imaging like chest x-rays or CT scans. Treatment focuses on pain management, rest, and surgery in severe cases. Complications can include respiratory failure.

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    Rib Fracture

    Rib fractures occur when a significant enough force directed at the rib causes a break.
    Epidemiology
    The incidence and prevalence of rib fractures depend on the injury
    and the severity of the trauma.

    Children are less likely to sustain rib fractures than adults due to
    their more elastic ribs.

    The elderly tend to be more prone to rib fractures than younger


    individuals, with higher mortality and morbidity
    Etiology
    Most rib fractures are due to direct penetrating or
    blunt trauma to the chest.
    In the elderly, falls are a common etiology of rib
    fractures and are associated with higher mortality
    and morbidity than younger patients
    Pathologic as a result of cancer metastasis from other
    organs
    Athletes can develop rib fractures with chronic use
    Spontaneous rib fractures can also occur due to
    severe cough and are more likely to occur in those
    with osteoporosis or underlying lung disease
    Children are less likely to sustain rib fractures
    History and Examination
    History of recent blunt or penetrating thoracic trauma and pain
    at that site
    Decreased ability to perform full inspiration due to pain
    The physical exam :
    ◦ chest wall bruising
    ◦ Bony tenderness
    ◦ Palpitation
    ◦ Crepitus
    Lower rib segment injuries should undergo assessment for
    kidney, liver, and spleen
    Any patient with paradoxical chest wall movement or suspicion
    for multiple rib fractures should be evaluated for flail chest and
    managed accordingly
    Evaluation
    Rib fractures can be diagnosed clinically
    based upon history and physical exam
    without imaging
    If there is suspicion for multiple rib
    fractures or significant trauma with
    underlying organ damage, imaging can
    be the next step
    ◦ Chest radiographs are limited and can only
    diagnose about 50% of isolated rib
    fractures
    ◦ Chest computed tomography (CT) scan is
    the gold standard of detecting rib
    fractures, although the fractures detected
    may not be clinically significant.
    Treatment and Management
    For simple, isolated rib fractures  conservative therapy is usually
    adequate which includes appropriate analgesia, rest, and ice
    When conservative management fails or for more severe rib fractures,
    surgical stabilization can be an option.
    Typical indications for surgical management :
    ◦ Rib fracture nonunion
    ◦ Chest wall deformity or defect
    ◦ Refractory rib fracture pain causing respiratory failure
    ◦ Flail chest.
    If surgery is necessary  earlier operative intervention leads to better
    outcomes and also reduction or avoidance for mechanical ventilation.
    Any other underlying injuries such as pneumothorax or hemothorax should
    be appropriately managed with insertion of a chest tube if indicated
    Prognosis
    Depending on the severity of the trauma sustained and degree of pain.
    Isolated rib fractures tend to heal well and do not need any further interventions beyond pain
    control, rest, and ice.
    Multiple rib fractures, displaced rib fractures, or those with underlying concomitant injuries
    may require inpatient monitoring for respiratory failure or surgical correction.
    Elderly individuals with rib fractures tend to have a higher mortality rate than younger
    individuals and may require closer monitoring.
    Complications
    The most severe complications related to rib fractures are the flail chest and damage to the
    underlying structures.
    Solid organ injuries associated with rib fractures include liver injuries and splenic injuries.
    Particular attention needs to be paid for the patient's respiratory status, as rib fractures may
    cause the patients to go on and develop acute respiratory failure due to poor respiratory efforts
    and may need mechanical ventilation and surgical stabilization

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