Mobility - Management in Mobile Communication
Mobility - Management in Mobile Communication
Mobility - Management in Mobile Communication
1. Location Management
2. Handoff Management
Mobility Management
Traditional mobile communication applications were in two-way voice
communication, text, emails and remote file downloading.
One critical feature that enables the ubiquitous communication is the mobility
management - which is perceived to provide continuous constant quality of
service even under very harsh and unexpected conditions.
Ex: If there is no delay constraint, the cells can paged sequentially in order of
decreasing probability, which will result in the minimal paging cost. If all cells are
paged simultaneously, the paging cost reaches the maximum while the paging
delay is the minimum.
Emerging issues in LM…
Database architecture for 3G & 4G..(access to db
and management of queries to reduce delay)
Reduce load on a centralized db (such as HLR), local
caches of the MS can be maintained…..used by
Mobile IP.
Alternate location update strategies & paging
algorithms are investigated.
Traffic modeling to investigate the performance..
?????
What is Handoff???
Involves entire gamut of actions required to handle
an ongoing connection when the mobile terminal
moves from one point of access to another.
Handoff is v important cos of the cellular architecture
used for spectrum utilization.
Reference:
http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/28/0471
4190/0471419028.pdf
Handoff effects
In cellular n/w involving voice, you hear a audible
click when handoff takes place (changing point of
access from one BS to another BS)
In WLAN, packets are lost when handoff changes the
point of access from one AP to another. Additional
congestion control mechanisms required.
Causes ping-pong effect due to several handoffs
between two BS back & forth: has toll on user quality
reception & network load.
Types of handoffs
Hard handoff (further has: Intra and Inter cell
handoffs): A firm decision is made when to handoff &
has no simultaneous connection between two or
more stations.
Soft handoff (further has: multiway soft handoffs &
softer handoffs): A conditional decision is made
whether to handoff or not. Depending on the pilot
signal from 2 or more BSs, eventually a hard decision
is made. In the interim period user has simultaneous
traffic with all candidate BSs.
Hard handoff
A hard handoff ….
its relative value is compared to the signal strengths of the two BSs at
the point at which they are equal.
If the threshold is higher than this value, say T1 in Figure, this scheme
performs exactly like the relative signal strength scheme, so the
handoff occurs at position A.
If the threshold is lower than this value, say T2 in Figure, the MS would
delay handoff until the current signal level crosses the threshold at
position B.
In the case of T3, the delay may be so long that the MS drifts too far
into the new cell. This reduces the quality of the communication link
from BS1 and may result in a dropped call. Also causes co-channel
interference to users. The scheme may create overlapping cell
coverage areas. A threshold is not used alone in actual practice
because its effectiveness depends on prior knowledge of the crossover
signal strength between the current and candidate BSs.
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