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    BCD, Gray Code & Excess-3 Code

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    naman
    The document discusses different binary coding systems for representing decimal numbers: BCD (Binary Coded Decimal), Gray code, and Excess-3 code. It provides examples to show how each system encodes decimal numbers into binary representations and explains differences between the systems, such as how BCD differs from binary for numbers over 9 or how adjacent numbers in Gray code have a single bit difference. Conversion methods between the different coding systems are also outlined.

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    BCD, Gray Code & Excess-3 Code

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    naman
    852 views11 pages
    The document discusses different binary coding systems for representing decimal numbers: BCD (Binary Coded Decimal), Gray code, and Excess-3 code. It provides examples to show how each system encodes decimal numbers into binary representations and explains differences between the systems, such as how BCD differs from binary for numbers over 9 or how adjacent numbers in Gray code have a single bit difference. Conversion methods between the different coding systems are also outlined.

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    bcd gray code

    Original Title

    Bcd , Gray Code & Excess-3 Code (1)

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    The document discusses different binary coding systems for representing decimal numbers: BCD (Binary Coded Decimal), Gray code, and Excess-3 code. It provides examples to show how each system encodes decimal numbers into binary representations and explains differences between the systems, such as how BCD differs from binary for numbers over 9 or how adjacent numbers in Gray code have a single bit difference. Conversion methods between the different coding systems are also outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    852 views11 pages

    BCD, Gray Code & Excess-3 Code

    Uploaded by

    naman
    The document discusses different binary coding systems for representing decimal numbers: BCD (Binary Coded Decimal), Gray code, and Excess-3 code. It provides examples to show how each system encodes decimal numbers into binary representations and explains differences between the systems, such as how BCD differs from binary for numbers over 9 or how adjacent numbers in Gray code have a single bit difference. Conversion methods between the different coding systems are also outlined.

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    Sirifort College of Computer Technology and Management

    (Affiliated to G.G.S.I.P. University)

    GENERAL PROFICIENCY
    SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
    MS.DEEPTI GOEL PRASHANT RUSTAGI
    (ASST. PROF. BCA DEPT.) ENROLMENT NO - 01524302016
    MS.RUPALI PANDEY (BCA 1ST YEAR) (EVENING SHIFT)
    (ASST. PROF. BCA DEPT.)
    BCD , GRAY CODE & EXCESS-
    3 CODE
    BCD (BINARY CODED DECIMAL)
    Decimal BCD

    • It is a class of binary encodings 0


    digit

    0
    8
    0
    4
    0
    2
    0
    1

    of decimal numbers where each 1 0 0 0 1

    decimal digit is represented by 2 0 0 1 0


    3 0 0 1 1
    a fixed number of bits, usually 4 0 1 0 0

    four or eight. Special bit 5 0 1 0 1


    6 0 1 1 0
    patterns are sometimes used for 7 0 1 1 1

    a sign or for other indications. 8 1 0 0 0


    9 1 0 0 1
    UNPACKED BCD
    • Each numeral is encoded into one byte, with four bits
    representing the numeral and the remaining bits having no
    significance.

    Decimal: 9 1
    Binary : 0000 1001 0000 0001
    PACKED BCD
    • Two numerals are encoded into a single byte, with one
    numeral in the least significant nibble (bits 0 through 3)
    and the other numeral in the most significant nibble (bits 4
    through 7).
    Decimal: 9 1
    Binary : 1001 0001
    DIFFERENCE B/W BINARY & BCD
    After 9 the decimal equivalent binary number is of four bit but in case of
    BCD it is an eight bit number. For 0 to 9 decimal numbers both binary and
    BCD is equal but when decimal number is more than 9 BCD differs from
    binary.
    Binary Coded
    Decimal number Binary number
    Decimal(BCD)
    8 1000 1000
    9 1001 1001
    10 1010 0001 0000
    11 1011 0001 0001
    12 1100 0001 0010
    GRAY CODE
    Decimal Gray code

    • A Gray code is an encoding of numbers so that 0 0000


    adjacent numbers have a single digit differing 1 0001
    by 1. The term Gray code is often used to refer
    2 0011
    to a "reflected" code, or more specifically
    3 0010
    known as reflected binary code (RBC).
    4 0110

    5 0111
    CONVERSION BINARY TO GRAY
    • The MSB of the Gray code is same
    as the corresponding bit in the
    binary number.
    • Going from left to right , add each
    adjacent pair of binary bit to get
    next gray code bit and discard
    carry.
    CONVERSION GRAY TO BINARY

    • The MSb in the binary code is same


    as the corresponding bit in the
    gray code.
    • Add each binary digit generated
    to the gray digit in the next
    adjacent position and discard
    carry.
    EXCESS-3 CODE

    • Also called XS3, is a non-weighted Decimal Binary Excess-3

    code used to express decimal


    0 0000 0011
    numbers. It is another important
    binary code. It is particularly 1 0001 0100
    significant for arithmetic operations as
    it overcomes the shortcomings 2 0010 0101
    encountered while using the 8421
    BCD code to add two decimal digits 3 0011 0110

    whose sum exceeds 9.


    OBTAINING EXCESS-3 CODE
    • The Excess-3 code for a given decimal number is determined by adding '3' to
    each decimal digit in the given number and then replacing each digit of the
    newly found decimal number by its four bit binary equivalent.
    • We can add 0011 to a BCD code and get its Excess-3 equivalent.
    For example, XS3 code of 24 is obtained as
    2 4
    +3 +3
    5 7
    0101 0111

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