Living Things Other Than Plants and Animals
Living Things Other Than Plants and Animals
Living Things Other Than Plants and Animals
FUNGI
• are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have a
cell wall.
• a kingdom composed of heterotrophs;
many obtain energy and nutrients from
dead organic matter.
• Example: Mushrooms and molds
Heterotrophs – an organism that obtain energy from the
foods it consumes; also called consumer.
STRUCTURE OF FUNGI
• A multicellular fungi are composed of thin
filaments called hyphae.
• The bodies of multicellular fungi are
composed of many hyphae tangled
together into a thick mass called mycelium.
• Fruiting body – is a reproductive structure
growing from the mycelium in the soil
beneath it.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI
• Some are Parasitic (parasites)
• Some are Saprophytic (saprophytes)
• Some are mutualistic like mycorrhiza
and lichens
• With cell walls made up of chitin
• Mostly multicellular, yeast:
unicellular
CLASSIFICATIONOF FUNGI
• Common Molds – the familiar molds that
grow on meat, cheese, and bread.
• Sac Fungi - also known as Ascomycota.
Some sac fungi are large enough to be
visible when they grow above the ground.
Others, such as yeast, are microscopic.
Yeast – are unicellular fungi. Used for
baking and brewing.
COMMON MOLDS
CLASSIFICATIONOF FUNGI
• Club Fungi – or phylum Basidiomycota, gets
its name from a specialized reproductive
structure that resembles a club.
• Imperfect Fungi – it is composed of those
fungi that are not placed in other phyla
because researchers have never been able
to observe a sexual phase in their life
cycles.
ECOLOGY OF FUNGI
• All fungi are Heterotrophs – they cannot
manufacture their own food.
- They rely on other organisms for
their energy.
• Fungi as Decomposers – Fungi play an
essential role in maintaining equilibrium in
nearly every ecosystem, where they recycle
nutrients by breaking down the bodies and
wastes of other organisms.
ECOLOGY OF FUNGI
• Fungi as Parasites – parasitic fungi cause serious
plant and animal diseases. A few cause diseases in
humans.
Plant Diseases – fungal diseases are responsible for
the loss of approximately 15% of the crops grown in
temperate regions in the world.
- 50% of the crops grown in tropical
regions in the world.
- example: corn smut – which destroys the
corn kernels.
ECOLOGY OF FUNGI
Human Diseases – One deuteromycete can
infect the areas between the toes, causing the
infection known as athlete’s foot.
- The same fungus (deuteromycete)
infects other areas, such as skin of the scalp, it
produces a red scaling sore known sa ringworm.
Other Animal Diseases – a funges named
Cordyceps, infects grasshoppers in the rain
forests in Costa Rica.
1.Just like many living things, fungi have certain
needs to survive. What are these needs?
I Food
II Air and water
III Sunlight and soil
IV Water
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