VOLLEYBALL

HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

The game of volleyball, originally called

“mintonette,” was invented in 1895 by
William G. Morgan, a graduate of the
Springfield College of the YMCA,
designed the game to be a combination of
basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball.
• In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.
• In 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing
the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another
player (the set and spike) were introduced.
• In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules
were instituted.
• In 1934, national volleyball referees were approved and
recognized.
 VOLLEYBALL BASIC RULES
• 6 players on the floor at any one time - 3 in the front row and 3
in the back row
• Maximum of 3 hits per side
• Points are made on every serve for wining team of rally (rally-
point scoring).
• A ball hitting a boundary line is in.
• A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside
the court, any of the net or cables outside the antennae, the
referee stand or pole, the ceiling above a non-playable area.
• It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a
player’s body.
• It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.
• A player cannot block or attack a serve from on
or inside the 10-foot line.
• After the serve, front-line players may switch
positions at the net.
• In rally scoring, games are played until a team
scores 25 points, provided there is at least a
two- point margin of victory. Matches are
typically decided by the best three-out-of-five
games format. If a fifth game is played, the team
that scores 15 points first is the winner, provided
there is a two-point margin of victory.
 BASIC SKILLS AND STROKES

• SERVE - Used to put the ball in play. The action is done with arm swing that sends the
ball over the net into the opponent's court.
• FOREARM PASS - Used to receive the ball from your opponents, as in service, or as a
technique to accurately control the ball in a way that eliminates lifting or carrying the ball.
the fundamental action of passing is to rebound the ball off of the forearms (which are
held together tightly with the palms and thumbs positioned together) from a slightly
squatted and balanced position.
• BLOCKING - Used to s\top the ball from crossing the net as a result of an opponent's
attack. block is effective if it immediately places the ball back into the opponent's court or
if it temporarily slows down the ball in order for a defender to make a dig.
• KILL OR ATTACK - Us\ed to put the ball into the opponent's court in order to earn a point
or side out.the fundamental action of attacking incorporates a quick approach followed by
astrong, full arm swing, and follow-thru.
• FLOOR DEFENSE- Used to receive the opponent's attack. The key skills are digging and
sprawling. The dig resembles a forearm pass from a low ready position and is used more
for balls that are hit near the defender.
 BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULE VIOLATIONS
RULE VIOLATIONS THAT RESULT IN A POINT FOR THE OPPONENT

• When serving, the player steps on or across the service line as

while making contact with the ball.
• Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
• Ball-handling errors. Contacting the ball illegally (double
touching, lifting, carrying, throwing, etc.)
• Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in
play.
• When blocking a ball coming from the opponent’s court, it’s
illegal to contact the ball when reaching over the net if both
your opponent has not used 3 contacts AND they have a player
there to make a play on the ball.
BASIC VOLLEYBALL TERMINOLOGY
A
• Ace: A serve that results directly in a point, usually when the ball
hits the floor untouched on the receiving team’s side of the court.
• Assist: Helping a teammate set up for a kill.
• Attack: The offensive action of hitting the ball.
• Attacker: Also “hitter” and “spiker.” A player who attempts to hit a
ball offensively with the purpose of terminating play.
• Attack Block: The defensive team’s attempt to block a spiked ball.
• Attack Error: An attack botched in one of 5 ways: ball lands out of
bounds; ball goes into net; attacker commits center line or net
violation or attacker illegally contacts ball.
B
• Back row/court: Space from baseline (endline) to attack
line. There are 3 players whose court positions are in this
area (positions 1, 6 & 5 on court)
• Baseline: The back boundary of the court. Also called the
end line
• Block: One of the 6 basic skills. A defensive play by one
or more front-row players meant to intercept a spiked ball.
The combination of one, 2 or 3 players jumping in front of
the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with
the hands.
• Blocking Error: Touching the net, crossing the centerline,
blocking a set or serve or any other “local” violation that
occurs while making a block attempt.
• Ball Handling Error: Anytime the official calls a double hit,
a thrown ball or a lift.
C
• Center line: The boundary that runs under the net
and divides the court into two equal halves.
• Cross-court attack: An attack directed diagonally
from the point of attack. Also called an angle hit.
D
• Defense: One of the 6 basic skills. The key skills used to receive
the opponent's attack are digging and sprawling. The dig
resembles a forearm pass from a low ready position and is used
more for balls that are hit near the defender. The sprawl is a
result of an attempted dig for a ball hit farther away from the
defender. It resembles a dive.
• Dig: Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball and low to ground.
Defensive play. Slang for retrieving an attacked ball close to the
floor. Statistically scored on a 3.0 point system.
• Double block: Two players working in unison to intercept a ball
at the net.
• Double hit: Violation. Two successive hits by the same player.
F
• Follow: To move with and block an attacker. Athletes may
change positions with another blocker in the process.
• Forearm Pass: Sometimes referred to as the “pass,” “bump”
or “dig”.
• Free ball: Returning the ball to the opponent without the
intent to get a kill. Usually a slow, arcing pass or “roll” shot
rather than a spike.
• Front: Position of a blocker so that she/he can block the
attacker.
G
• Game plan: Offensive and defensive emphasis for an
opponent. Usually organized for each rotation by the
coaching staff.
L

• Libero: A player specialized in defensive skills. This player

must wear a contrasting jersey color from his or her teammates
and cannot block or attack the ball when it is entirely above net
height. When the ball is not in play, the libero can replace any
back-row player without prior notice to the officials.
• Lines: The marks that serve as boundaries of a court. 2 inches
(5cm) wide.
• Linesman: Officials located at the corners of the court; each
linesman is responsible for ruling if the ball is legally in play
along the lines for which he or she is responsible. For
indicating touches and play outside of the antennae on their
side of net.
• Lineup: Players starting rotation and, therefore, serving order.
Numbered 1,2,3,4,5,6.
• Load: Body position for the blockers so that they are most
effective.
• Rotation: The clockwise movement of player around the court
and through the serving position following a side out. Serve:
Used to put the ball into play.
• Service Error: An unsuccessful serve in which one or more of
the following occurs: 1. the ball fails to clear the net, 2. the ball
lands out of bounds, or 3. the server commits a foot fault.
• Setter: the player who has the 2nd or 3 contacts of the ball who
'sets' the ball with an overhand pass for a teammate to hit. The
setter is like the quarterback in football - they run the offense.
• Spike: Also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player
on the offensive team who intends to terminate the ball on the
opponent's floor or off the opponent's blocker.
 ETIQUETTE AND SAFETY
1. Players must be aware of hazards in the playing area. Volleyball
standards/poles, teammates, walls, and balls all pose the possibility of serious
injury.
2. Players should roll the ball under the net, rather than throw it over the net
to the other team.
3. Players should attempt to alert other players when a ball has rolled onto
another court so that a player does not accidentally land or step on the ball. 4.
Players should avoid net violations or crossing the centerline as this can
cause injury.
5. Players should announce his/her team’s score and then the opponent’s
score clearly and loudly before each serve. In the absence of an official,
players should call the ball “in” or “out,” and call net violations in the interest
of fair play.
6. Place volleyballs back in the bin/holder at the end of the game.