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    GEOCHEMISTRY

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    John Rhey Almojallas Benedicto
    Geochemistry studies the distribution and abundance of chemical elements on Earth. The goals are to determine the elemental composition of different parts of the planet and understand how this informs theories of Earth's origin and structure. Key elements in rocks include oxygen, silicon, and metals. Metals become economically viable mineral deposits when concentrated, such as iron concentrating 4-5 times and gold concentrating nearly 4000 times. Geochemical environments include surface and subsurface, with surface involving weathering and sedimentation. Element dispersion occurs around deposits from centimeters to kilometers, through primary emplacement and secondary redistribution depending on each element's geochemical mobility. Geochemical exploration focuses on indicator and guide elements dispersed from deposits.

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    GEOCHEMISTRY

    Uploaded by

    John Rhey Almojallas Benedicto
    173 views12 pages
    Geochemistry studies the distribution and abundance of chemical elements on Earth. The goals are to determine the elemental composition of different parts of the planet and understand how this informs theories of Earth's origin and structure. Key elements in rocks include oxygen, silicon, and metals. Metals become economically viable mineral deposits when concentrated, such as iron concentrating 4-5 times and gold concentrating nearly 4000 times. Geochemical environments include surface and subsurface, with surface involving weathering and sedimentation. Element dispersion occurs around deposits from centimeters to kilometers, through primary emplacement and secondary redistribution depending on each element's geochemical mobility. Geochemical exploration focuses on indicator and guide elements dispersed from deposits.

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    Geochemistry studies the distribution and abundance of chemical elements on Earth. The goals are to determine the elemental composition of different parts of the planet and understand how this informs theories of Earth's origin and structure. Key elements in rocks include oxygen, silicon, and metals. Metals become economically viable mineral deposits when concentrated, such as iron concentrating 4-5 times and gold concentrating nearly 4000 times. Geochemical environments include surface and subsurface, with surface involving weathering and sedimentation. Element dispersion occurs around deposits from centimeters to kilometers, through primary emplacement and secondary redistribution depending on each element's geochemical mobility. Geochemical exploration focuses on indicator and guide elements dispersed from deposits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    173 views12 pages

    GEOCHEMISTRY

    Uploaded by

    John Rhey Almojallas Benedicto
    Geochemistry studies the distribution and abundance of chemical elements on Earth. The goals are to determine the elemental composition of different parts of the planet and understand how this informs theories of Earth's origin and structure. Key elements in rocks include oxygen, silicon, and metals. Metals become economically viable mineral deposits when concentrated, such as iron concentrating 4-5 times and gold concentrating nearly 4000 times. Geochemical environments include surface and subsurface, with surface involving weathering and sedimentation. Element dispersion occurs around deposits from centimeters to kilometers, through primary emplacement and secondary redistribution depending on each element's geochemical mobility. Geochemical exploration focuses on indicator and guide elements dispersed from deposits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    GEOCHEMISTRY

    What is Geochemistry?
    • Geochemistry studies the origin, evolution and distribution
    of chemical elements on Earth which are contained in the
    rock-forming minerals and the products derived from it, as
    well as in living beings, water and atmosphere.
    • One of the goals of geochemistry is to determine the
    abundance of elements in nature, as this information is
    essential to hypotheses development about the origin and
    structure of our planet and the universe.
    Elements and Earth
    • An element is material which has a particular kind of atom
    with specific electronic structure and nuclear charge,
    factors that determine their abundance in the rocks.
    Regarding distribution, it can only have direct evidence on
    the composition of the Earth's crust and indirect on the
    mantle and core.
    • Current knowledge of the geochemical nature of the crust
    comes from the analysis of geophysical data and rock.
    According to these analyzes, oxygen is the main element
    of the cortex with 47% by weight and 94% by volume;
    second place is silicon, with 28% by weight, but less than
    1% by volume.
    • Moreover, metals are a mineral deposit of economic
    importance when its average of content is concentrate.
    • For example, iron and aluminum, which are the most
    abundant, must concentrate from 4 to 5 times, copper 80,
    platinum 600, silver 1250, gold nearly 4000 and tungsten
    and mercury, which are the rarest, should be concentrated
    more than 10,000 times to be mineable with economic
    performance.
    Geochemical environments
    • Among the fundamental principles of geochemistry is the
    recognition of geochemical environments that are
    developed in the earth's crust and are grouped into:

    • Surface geochemical environment


    • Dispersion
    Surface geochemical environment
    • also referred to as supergene, secondary and exogenous.
    This environment has clearly superficial conditions and
    features, such as low temperature and pressure, free
    fluids movement, plenty oxygen, water and carbon
    dioxide. In these environment actions such as weathering,
    erosion, sedimentation and soil is where formation occurs.
    Dispersion
    • is the formation of a mineral deposit with a certain
    distribution of the ore minerals or elements associated
    with them. A halo around the deposit is formed from a few
    centimeters to kilometers of extension. The dispersion
    may be of the following types:

    Primary dispersion: involves all emplacement processes during the


    formation of how the mineralized body was formed.

    Secondary dispersion: involves the redistribution of primary models,


    by any subsequent process; often develop under conditions of low
    temperature and pressure.
    • Both types depend on the geochemical mobility of
    elements, and this one as well, is subject to the
    mechanical properties (mobile stage of mineral), viscosity,
    solution, size, shape and density of the grains and the
    physicchemical features of each element.
    • As a result, geochemical exploration focuses on the
    determination of the elements of the ore or elements
    associated with the ore that are dispersed, called
    respectively indicator elements and guide elements.

    • For example, in a deposit of lead-zinc sulfide, the


    indicator elements are lead and zinc, while a guide
    element will be mercury
    The different kinds of studies that can be
    performed by developing the sampling
    elements are:
    • Stream sediment geochemistry.
    • Soil geochemistry.
    • Rock geochemistry.
    • Gas geochemistry.
    • Water geochemistry.
    • Vegetation geochemistry

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