QUALI vs. QUANTI

BBA (Hons)
Session 2012-2016 (Morning)

Name Roll no.
Mohammad Hassan Butt 28
University of Education
Irfan Raza 14
Saqib Shehzad 12
Gohar Rehman 41
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
 A type of educational  A type of educational
research in which the research in which the
researcher decides what researcher relies on the
to study. views of the participants.
 Quantitative research looks at  Qualitative research gathers
patterns in numeric data. information that is not in
 Quantitative research gathers numerical form.
data in numerical form which can  Qualitative data is typically
be put into categories or descriptive data.
measured in units of  When you think of qualitative
measurement. data, Think of the word 'quality' –
 This type of data can be used to because in qualitative analysis we
construct graphs and tables. are taking a deep quality look at a
phenomenon.
Examples Examples
 Application forms  Diary accounts

 Closed ended  Document review
Questionnaires  Open ended
 IQ Tests Questionnaires
 Measurements  Unstructured interviews
 Unstructured observations
Purpose
Quali: To understand & interpret social

interactions.
Quanti: To test hypotheses, look at cause &

effect, & make predictions.
Group Studied
Quali: Smaller & not randomly selected.
Quanti: Larger & randomly selected.

Variables
Quali: Study of the whole, not variables.
Quanti: Specific variables studied.

Type of Data Collected
Quali: Words, images, or objects.
Quanti: Numbers and statistics.

Forms of Data Collected
Quali: Qualitative data such as open - ended

responses, interviews, participant observations,
field notes, & reflections.
Quanti: Quantitative data based on precise

measurements using structured & validated
data-collection instruments.
Role of the Researcher
Quali: Researcher & their biases may be known to

participants in the study, & participant
characteristics may be known to the researcher.
Quanti: Researcher & their biases are not known to

participants in the study, & participant
characteristics are deliberately hidden from the
researcher (double blind studies).
Results
Quali: Particular or specialized findings that is

less generalizable.
Quanti: Generalizable findings that can be

applied to other populations.
Final Report
Quali: Narrative report with contextual

description & direct quotations from research
participants.
Quanti: Statistical report with correlations,

comparisons of means, & statistical significance
of findings.
What is to be observed?
Quali: ¤ Qualities ¤ Behavior ¤ Complexities
Quanti: ¤ Quantities ¤ Scales ¤ Trends

What are the type of questions asked?
Quali: ¤ Why? ¤ How?
Quanti: ¤ How many? ¤ What?

How are the questions are put (methods)?
Quali: ¤ Document review ¤ Participant

observations ¤ Interviews ¤ Focus group ¤
Workshops
Quanti: ¤ Application forms ¤ Questionnaires ¤

IQ Tests ¤ Measurements
How the results are interpreted (analysis)?
Quali: ¤ Explore, explain, understand ¤ Narrative ¤

Particular ¤ Mainly inductive reasoning: conclusions
can be drawn from the evidence no matter how
incomplete
Quanti: ¤ Describe, measure, predict ¤ Statistical

tables and chart ¤ Universal ¤ Mainly deductive
reasoning: everything is known before conclusions
can be drawn
 Ask specific narrow Qs.  Ask broad, general Qs.
 Collects data from  Collects data consisting
participants generally in largely of words (text) or
numerical form. image (picture).
 Analyzes numbers using  Descriptions and analysis
statistics. of words for themes.
 Conducts the inquiry in  Conducts inquiry in
unbiased, objective subjective, biased manner.
manner.
 Description of trends or  An exploration in which
an explanation of little is known about the
variables’ relationships. problem.
 A detailed understanding
of a central phenomenon.
 Major role through  Minor role in suggesting
suggesting the RQ to be SRQ to be asked.
asked.
 Justifying the R problem  Justify the importance of
and the need for the studying the research
direction of the study. problem.
 Be specific and narrow.  Be general and broad.
 Seek measurable,  Seek to understand the
observable data on participants’ experiences.
variables.
 Collecting data using  Collecting data using
instruments with preset forms with general,
Qs and Res. emerging Qs to permit the
participant to generate
 Collecting info from a responses.
large number of  Gathering word(text) or
individuals. image(picture) data.
 Collecting info from a
small number of
individuals or sites.
 Data analysis tends to
consist of statistical  Text analysis.
analysis.  A description of themes.
 Describing
 Stating the larger meaning
trends,
comparing of findings.
group
differences,
relating
variables.
 Interpretation tends to
consist of comparing
results with prior
predictions and past
 Tend to use standard fixed  A flexible, emerging
structure and evaluation structure and evaluative
criteria. criteria.
 Take an objective and  Take a subjective and
unbiased approach. biased approach.
E N D
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BBA (Hons)

Session 2012-2016 (Morning)

 Application forms  Diary accounts

Quali: To understand & interpret social

Quanti: To test hypotheses, look at cause &

Quali: Smaller & not randomly selected.

Quanti: Larger & randomly selected.

Quali: Study of the whole, not variables.

Quanti: Specific variables studied.

Quali: Words, images, or objects.

Quanti: Numbers and statistics.

Quali: Qualitative data such as open - ended

Quanti: Quantitative data based on precise

Quali: Researcher & their biases may be known to

Quanti: Researcher & their biases are not known to

Quali: Particular or specialized findings that is

Quanti: Generalizable findings that can be

Quali: Narrative report with contextual

Quanti: Statistical report with correlations,

Quali: ¤ Qualities ¤ Behavior ¤ Complexities

Quanti: ¤ Quantities ¤ Scales ¤ Trends

Quali: ¤ Why? ¤ How?

Quanti: ¤ How many? ¤ What?

Quali: ¤ Document review ¤ Participant

Quanti: ¤ Application forms ¤ Questionnaires ¤

Quali: ¤ Explore, explain, understand ¤ Narrative ¤

Quanti: ¤ Describe, measure, predict ¤ Statistical

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