Lesson 7 Per Dev

Falculan, Paul Andreigh S.
Garcia, James Patrick

Ogaco, Lester
Abelardo, Jeanne Ross M
"Your intellect may be confused, but your
emotions will never lie to you“
-Roger Ebert
Our emotions are powerful forces. It can either
drive us into action or prevent us from taking
action.
Our emotions are rather complex. There are three components
of emotions - the physiological, behavioral and cognitive
aspects. Knowing these three elements of emotions could help
us understand what happens when we experience different
emotions.
Our experience of emotion does not come suddenly. It starts
with a state of arousal, a heightened activity in both our mind
and body that makes us more alert.
Arousal starts in the brain. It involves the activation of the
reticular activation system, brain stem, and the autonomic
nervous system.
The Reticular Activation System (RAS) Connects the primitive
brain stem and the cortex and affects sleeping-waking
transition. Endocrine system is also involved in Physiological
arousal
From Reticular Activation System, arousal spread through the
autonomic nervous system, particularly the sympathetic nervous
system, causing an increase in heart rate, and breathing to
enable physical action and perspiration to cool the body.
Emotional Arousal is also a process.
During an arousal, the body releases chemical in the brain that
stimulate emotion, reduce cortical functioning, reduce concious
control, and finally, agitation and physical action.
The physiologic component of emotion is explained by several
theories. The earliest is by Walter Bradford Cannon, an American
physiologist and Philip Bard, Cannon's doctoral student, who
explain the experience of emotion as a physiological response of
the thalamic region of the brain. They claim that emotional
states occur at the same time in response to an event. When
emotions are provoked, the physiological arousal happens
concurrently, this is known as the Cannon-Bard Theory.
William James, an American psychologist, and Carl Lange, a
Danish physiologist, develop another theory called James-Lange
Theory which claims that emotions are our interpretation of the
accompanying physiological reactions.
Another explanation offered is by Stanley Schachter, an
American social psychologist, who worked closely with Jerome
Singer, an American clinical psychologist. They proposed a
different theory called the Two Factor Theory which states that
the experience of emotion depends on two factors: the
physiological arousal and the interpretation of that arousal.
Every emotion finds a way of expression. People recognize what we
feel by our facial expression.
Facial expression communicates our emotion.
Facial expression is universal and can even be seen in animals.
Charles Darwin an English Naturalist and geologist, popularly
known for his theory of evolution, suggest that emotions and their
expressions are innate and evolutionary adaptive. For instance, fear
of anything that can harm us is important for our survival.
Others view emotion as culture specific, meaning that we learn
the certain facial expression because it is the one recognized or
approved by our culture.
Silvan Solomon Tompkins, an American physiologist and
personality theorist, suggests that emotion is the basis of
human motivation and the seat of emotion is the face.
Two American psychologists, Paul Ekman and Carroll Izard,
conducted "universality studies", demonstrating cross-cultural
agreement in judgments of emotion in faces by people in both
literate and preliterate cultures. Ekman discovered that people
have microexpressions in addition to macroexpressions.
Macroexpressions typically last between 0.5 to 4 seconds and
involve the entire face. (Ekman, 2003)
Microexpressions, are expressions that go on and off the face
in a fraction of a second, as fast as 1/30 of a second.
There are times when physiological arousal is absent. In such
case, a person decides what he or she feels after interpreting or
explaining to himself what had happened.
 Studies done by the American psychologist, Richard Lazarus,
have shown that the experience of emotion depends on the
manner one appraises or evaluates an event. In evaluating an
event as good or bad for us, Lazarus suggests two kinds of
appraisal: primary and secondary.
 In primary appraisal, we consider how a certain situation can
benefit us. In secondary appraisal, we consider how we will
be able to cope with the situation. This is referred to as
Lazarus Theory or Appraisal Theory
To gain personal growth and achieve success in life, a person
need not depend on intelligence quotient or IQ alone, but must
learn to develop emotional quotient or EQ as well.
Emotional intelligence is the ability of a person to understand
and express himself, to understand and relate well to others and
to successfully cope with the demands of daily life (Bar-On,
2005)
1. Self awareness
This is the ability of a person to tune in to his own
feelings.
2. Self regulation
This is the ability to control disruptive impulses caused by
negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, and depression.
3. Motivation
An emotionally competent person can motivate himself to
work because he has a positive attitude in life and knows how
to set clear goals
4. Empathy
This ability helps one to recognize and understand how
other people feel.
5. Social skills
This is usually referred to as "people skills" because
they can influence, communicate, and lead.

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Falculan, Paul Andreigh S.

Garcia, James Patrick

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