Mental Health and Well Being

Mental Health
and Well-being in
the Middle
and Late
Adolescence
MENTAL HEALTH:
A state of well-
being
◦ Mental health includes our
emotional, psychological, and social
well-being. It affects how we think,
feel, and act as we cope with life.
“◦ It also helps determine how we
handle stress, relate to others, and
make choices.
-US National Institute of Health
◦ State of well-being in which every
individual realizes his or her own
potential, can cope with the
normal stresses of life, can work
“ productively and fruitfully, and is
able to make contribution to his or
her community
-World Health Organization(WHO)
Concepts of Mental Health and Well-being
(according to WHO)
1. Subjective well-being
2. Perceived self-efficacy
3. Autonomy
4. Competence
5. Intergenerational independence
6. Self-actualization of one’s intellectual
and emotional potential
1. Subjective Well-Being
◦ This may be defined as one’s

personal (subjective) thoughts
and feelings about one’s
overall state of being.
2. Perceived Self-Efficacy
◦ Self – efficacy is one’s perception
of one’s value and worth,
effectiveness and ability in
performing a task or activity.
3. Autonomy
◦ Autonomy deals with one’s
capacity to separate one’s
identity from other significant
persons like parents, lovers
and special friends.
4.Competence
◦ It is related to self-esteem and self-
identity.
◦ It is the perception of one’s
capacity to effectively perform a
function or activity using specific
skills and knowledge and achieving
the desired results at a given time.
5. Intergenerational Independence
◦ It refers to the relationships
between individuals who belong to
different generations but may be
living separately as independent,
autonomous persons during a
specific period of time
6.Self-Actualization of One’s
Intellectual and Emotional Potential
◦ Maslow’s pyramid of human hierarchy of
needs places self-actualization at the
peak. This means that once a person
fulfills his or her physiological needs,
security and safety needs, emotional and
social needs and self-esteem needs, the
next need to be fulfilled is self-
actualization.
Carol D. Ryff’s concept of Psychological
Well-being considers well-being as
multidimensional, and not merely about
happiness, or positive emotions. A good
life is balanced and whole, engaging
each of the different aspects of well-
being, instead of being narrowly
focused.
Carol Ryff’s 6 Categories of Well-being
1. Self-acceptance
2. Positive Relations
3. Autonomy
4. Environmental Mastery
5. Purpose in Life
6. Personal Growth
1. Self-Acceptance
◦ High Self Acceptance: You
possess a positive attitude toward
yourself; acknowledge and accept
multiple aspects of yourself
including both good and bad
qualities; and feel positive about
your past.
◦ Low Self Acceptance: You feel
dissatisfied with yourself; are
disappointed with what has
occurred in your past; are troubled
about certain personal qualities;
and wish to be different than what
you are.
2.Positive Relations
◦ Strong Positive Relations: You have
warm, satisfying, trusting
relationships with others; are
concerned about the welfare of
others; are capable of strong
empathy, affection, and intimacy; and
understand the give and take of
human relationships.
◦ Weak Relations: You have few
close, trusting relationships with
others; find it difficult to be warm,
open, and concerned about others;
are isolated and frustrated in
interpersonal relationships; and are
not willing to make compromises to
sustain important ties with others.
3. Autonomy
◦ High Autonomy: You are self-
determining and independent; are
able to resist social pressures to
think and act in certain ways;
regulate behavior from within; and
evaluate yourself by personal
standards.
◦ Low Autonomy: You are concerned
about the expectations and
evaluations of others; rely on
judgments of others to make
important decisions; and conform
to social pressures to think and act
in certain ways.
4. Environmental Mastery
◦ High Environmental Mastery: You have a
sense of mastery and competence in
managing the environment; control
complex array of external activities;
make effective use of surrounding
opportunities; and are able to choose or
create contexts suitable to your personal
needs and values.
◦ Low Environmental Mastery: You
have difficulty managing everyday
affairs; feel unable to change or
improve surrounding contexts; are
unaware of surrounding
opportunities; and lack a sense of
control over the external world.
5. Purpose in Life
◦ Strong Purpose in Life: You have
goals in life and a sense of
directedness; feel there is meaning
to your present and past life; hold
beliefs that give life purpose; and
have aims and objectives for living.
◦ Weak Purpose in Life: You lack a
sense of meaning in life; have few
goals or aims, lack a sense of
direction; do not see purpose of
your past life; and have no outlook
or beliefs that give life meaning.
6. Personal Growth
◦ Strong Personal Growth: You have a
feeling of continued development; see
yourself as growing and expanding; are
open to new experiences; have the sense
of realizing your potential; see
improvement in yourself and behavior over
time; are changing in ways that reflect
more self-knowledge and effectiveness.
◦ Weak Personal Growth: You have a
sense of personal stagnation; lack
the sense of improvement or
expansion over time; feel bored and
uninterested with life; and feel
unable to develop new attitudes or
behaviors.
Why is good mental
health and well-being
necessary?
• Mental health and well-being allows you to live
fully and function at your best.
• It enhances your ability to relate with others well,
resulting in satisfying, healthy relationships.
• It puts you in a good disposition as you interact
with others.
• It enables you to make better choices because
you are clear with what you want.
• It enables you to handle the ups and downs of
life.
Early Warning Signs
◦ Eating or sleeping too much or too little
◦ Pulling away from people and usual
activities
◦ Having low or no energy
◦ Feeling numb or like nothing matters
◦ Having unexplained aches and pains
◦ Feeling helpless or hopeless
◦ Smoking, drinking, or using drugs more
than usual
◦ Feeling unusually confused, forgetful, on
edge, angry, upset, worried, or scared
◦ Yelling or fighting with family and friends
◦ Experiencing severe mood swings that
cause problems in relationships
◦ Having persistent thoughts and
memories you can't get out of your head
◦ Hearing voices or believing things that
are not true
◦ Thinking of harming yourself or others
◦ Inability to perform daily tasks like
taking care of your kids or getting to
work or school
Ways to maintain positive mental health
◦ Getting professional help if you need it
◦ Connecting with others
◦ Staying positive
◦ Getting physically active
◦ Helping others
◦ Getting enough sleep
◦ Developing coping skills
Healthy Self-Concept + Healthy Mind and
Body = Good Mental Health and Well Being
◦ Well-being is a state of wellness where
every aspect of a person is in balance.
◦ Developing one’s good mental health and
well-being is very important to the
adolescent because this serves as a
strong foundation toward a happy and
healthy adulthood.

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