A Comparative Study On Using Crushed Oyster Shells

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON USING CRUSHED
OYSTER SHELLS AS FEED COMPARED TO

COMMERCIAL FEEDS IN THE PRODUCTION
OF HIGH QUALITY EGGS
By: Group 4
Members:
Gonzales, Prince Rupee
Jolavar, Enrico Justin
Ruiz, Carlo Miguel
Salvador, Julio Miguel
Strong, James Thyril
Presented to: Mrs. Maria Angela Alvarez-Leonor

OPENING PRAYER
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Poultry farming is the raising of various domesticated birds like

chicken, duck, geese and etc in order to farm various produce from the birds
such as meat and eggs for food. The most common and numerous poultry
bird is chicken as more than 50 billion chickens are raised
annuallym.(LMurray, 2007) There are two types of chicken with each having a
different function, Hens or chicken raised in egg production are called
“layers” while chicken raised for their meat are called broilers. These chickens
are fed using commercial feeds that consists of vitamins and minerals
necessary for their domestication i.e better egg quality and better meat.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The eggs laid by the broilers consist of 97% calcium carbonate while
the remaining percentage consists of organic matter. The outer layer of the
shell consist of a mucous covering called cuticle that is deposited into the
shell prior to laying, this coating protects the egg from outside bacteria trying
to penetrate through the shell. Egg Shell quality includes numerous factors
including egg shell thickness which is determined by the rate of calcium
deposited into the shell during the egg’s initial formation. (Research on
eggshell structure and quality: an historical overview, June 2005)
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The researchers seek to test out an alternative for commercial feeds

by using crushed oyster shells as a substitute and whether it can allow layers to
produce better quality eggs. The researchers seek to answer the ff questions:
• What is the quality of eggs being laid by the chickens?

• Is there a significant difference in the quality of eggs before and after
using the oyster shells?
HYPOTHESIS
There is no significant difference on the quality of egg produced by

hens fed with alternative feed.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study aims to benefit the following members of the society:

Community
The communities are able to benefit from the study by being able to
purchase high quality eggs from the market after the study will prove effective.
This ensures that they can purchase only the better quality of produce from
poultry farm.
Future Researchers
Researchers who plan to take a similar study can use the study as a
reference material or basis in order to improve or provide additional
innovations.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Local Market Egg vendors

The vendors in local markets particularly egg vendors also benefits
from the study as they receive only the best quality eggs to be sold to people.
This will provide them with higher income.
Poultry Farmers
The poultry farmers are the ones who will benefit most from the
study as they will have knowledge on what type of feeds to use in order to
produce high quality eggs.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The study will encompass a total of not less than 6 chickens around
Bacolod City. To determine the respondents, convenience sampling was used
as it provided the researchers easy access to the respondents. The respondents
will be poultry farmers who produce eggs for consumption.
The obstacles the study encounter include the ff:
1. The environment for the study to be conducted.

2. Short and limited time to conduct the study the researchers have.
3. The study provides insignificant data and is outright impossible to apply to
future respondents.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The words listed below are the important and significant terms in the study with their
corresponding meaning:
• Commercialized means to debase in quality for more profit (Merriam, 12/09/17)
Selling of product in mass for profit
• Comparative is characterized by systematic comparison especially of likenesses and
dissimilarities (Merriam, 12/09/17)
The analysis of variance of results between the Oyster Shell Feed and the Commercial
Feed
• Oyster Shell is the hard largely calcareous covering of a mollusk (Collins Italian Dictionary
1st Edition.)
The shell of an oyster - As used in this study, it will be the feeds that will be given to the
chickens
• Egg is the hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird and especially by the common
domestic chicken (Merriam, 12/09/17)
The protective coating used to cover the embryo of the soon to be chicken
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Process
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Feeding of chicken
Amount of Gathering of Eggs Quality of chicken
Testing of Shell
Oystershell Feed Quality and Yolk Egg
Depth
Fig. 1
Conceptual Model of relationship between the Feeds and quality of
Eggs the chickens produce. This study is predicted to have a result in the
change of the chicken Egg (e.g. Shell Quality and Yolk Depth) and chicken
behavior to these feeds. . This study is hypothesized that the corresponding
changes in eggs, including egg quantity that the change in diet among the
chickens in different proportions are predicted to increase the overall quality
of the chicken egg.
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Chicken Farming
Aloe as Growth Enhancer in Chickens

Broiler production alone already comprises 85% of the poultry meat
requirement of the Filipinos. Although the demand is high, the industry could
hardly make up with the requirement due to high prices of commercially and
imported feeds. Thus, the poultry industry particularly on the part of the
raisers, continuously find means to lessen their cost of production. One way is
to look for alternative source of feed supplement that is not only cheap and
can boost the growth of chickens but most important, is organic and readily
available. (dela Cruz,R , 2013)
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Grit and oyster shell : why they're critical to the health of your chickens.
Oyster shell, ground into gravel-sized bits, is the best supplement as

it provides calcium readily absorbed by your chickens’ digestive systems.
Modern commercial layer strains have become increasingly productive and
demanding in terms of management, health, environment, and nutrition.
Studies have been developed to improve not only animal productivity, but also
the quality of final products.
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Quality of Chicken Eggs
Alternative Feeding Regimen of Calcium Source and Phosphorus Level for

Better Eggshell Quality in Commercial Layers
Phosphorus plays a significant role in eggshell formation. Eggshells
contain very little phosphorus (calcium:phosphorus in eggshell is approximately
100:1), but this element interacts with calcium during bone formation. Calcium is
stored in the skeleton almost entirely as calcium phosphate; therefore, synthesis of
medullary bone requires dietary phosphorus. This phosphorus is however,
involved in an essentially futile process, because if the calcium is used for shell
formation, the phosphorus must be excreted. Nutritional interest in phosphorus
has been stimulated by several observations that dietary excess of this element has
a detrimental effect on shell quality (Keshavarz, K., and S. Nakajima. 1993)
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Alternative calcium source effects on commercial egg production and

quality
Calcium is an essential mineral for eggshell quality, and it is the main

component of the eggshell, which consists of 95% of calcium carbonate
(Miles, 1993). Adequate calcium supplementation to layer diets is critical, as its
deficiency may cause reductions in egg size and production, poor egg quality,
with consequent high percentage of broken eggs and increased layer mortality
(Dell'Lsola & Baião 2001; Geraldo et al., 2006)
METHODS
RESEARCH DESIGN
Experimental Design - The classic experimental design specifies an

experimental group and a control group. The independent variable is
administered to the experimental group and not to the control group, and
both groups are measured on the same dependent variable.
A two-group design will be used since it always involves a control

group and an experimental, or treatment, group. The control group does not
get the treatment, while the treatment group does get the treatment
In the study, the independent variable will be the Oyster shell feed
and the commercialized feed while the dependent variable will be the quality
of Eggs laid by the chicken. The control group will be the set of chicken that
will only receive the commercialized feed and not the alternative one.
SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY
The study will encompass laying hens and the crushed oyster shells.
The researchers will use 6 laying hens to study. The hens will be bought from
bacolod poultry farm. The hens’ age ranges from 2-3 years old. The oyster
shells are substitute feeds for hens to produce better quality eggs.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The researchers of this study will follow some procedures in order

for them to achieve the objectives of this work.
First, the researchers would gather the hens that will be the ones tested in this
research.
Then they will analyze the results based on the quality of the egg. Finally the
researchers will give differentiate on which feed is more effecient in producing
quality eggs.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
After collecting the data needed, the researchers will then tabulate
and analyze the gathered data with the help of statistical tools. The
researchers will base on the quality of eggs produced by the hens after being
fed with crushed oyster shells.
External egg quality traits such as egg weight will bemeasured using
digital balance (g) and shell thickness (mm) using an electronic Digital Caliper
(Mitutoyo, Japan). The shell thickness will be measured at three different
points in the equatorial shell and the calculated average of the three was taken
as a trait. (AJAR; Feb, 2015)
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
When working with animals proper sanitary care must be observed.

Chickens are properly feed with a balanced diet and are being kept under
healthy living conditions. Chickens are being kept in a coop to secure its
protection. Maintenance of the highest level of objectivity in analysis is key
throughout the research.
THANK YOU!

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON USING CRUSHED

OYSTER SHELLS AS FEED COMPARED TO

Presented to: Mrs. Maria Angela Alvarez-Leonor

Poultry farming is the raising of various domesticated birds like

The researchers seek to test out an alternative for commercial feeds

• What is the quality of eggs being laid by the chickens?

There is no significant difference on the quality of egg produced by

The study aims to benefit the following members of the society:

Local Market Egg vendors

The obstacles the study encounter include the ff:

1. The environment for the study to be conducted.

Aloe as Growth Enhancer in Chickens

Oyster shell, ground into gravel-sized bits, is the best supplement as

Quality of Chicken Eggs

Alternative Feeding Regimen of Calcium Source and Phosphorus Level for

Alternative calcium source effects on commercial egg production and

Calcium is an essential mineral for eggshell quality, and it is the main

Experimental Design - The classic experimental design specifies an

A two-group design will be used since it always involves a control

The researchers of this study will follow some procedures in order

When working with animals proper sanitary care must be observed.

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