FAMILY

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FAMILY

It is one of the basic social institutions found in every


society.

The most basic bonds are those based on marriage and


reproduction. Kinship refers to these bonds, and all
other relationships resulting from them. Thus, the
institution of kinship refers to a set of relationships and
relatives formed thereof, based on blood relationships
(consanguineal), or marriage (affinal).
Consanguineal kinship- kinship based on
blood is considered as the most basic and
general form of relations. This relationshipis
achieved bu birth or blood affinity.
Descent refers to a biological relationship.
Societies recognize that children descend
from parents and that there exists a biologicl
relationship between parents and offspring.

Lineage refers to the line where one’s


descent is traced.
Symbols used by anthropologists to study patterns of
descent and kin groups
Unilinear Descent is a system of determining descent
groups in which one belongs to one's father's or
mother's line, whereby one's descent is traced either
exclusively through male ancestors (patriline), or
exclusively through female ancestors (matriline).

Bilateral Descent some societies trace their descent


through the study of both parents ancestors. In a
baliteral descent, kinship is traced through both
ancestral lines of the mother and father.
Affinal Kinship refers to type of relations
developed when marriage occurs. When
marriage takes place new forms of social
relations are developed.
Marriage- is an important social institution
wherein two persons, enter into family life.
During this process, the partners make a
public, official and permanent declaration of
their union as lifetime couples.
Endogamy and Exogamy
Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific ethnic group, class, or social
group, rejecting others on such a basis as being unsuitable for marriage or for other
close personal relationships.
Exogamy is the custom of marrying outside a community, clan, or tribe.
Monogamy and Polygamy
Monogamy- refers to the marriage of sexual partnering practice where the
individual has only one male of female partner or mate.
Polygamy- refers to the practice of having more than one partner or sexual mate. It
can be polygyny (a man has multiple partner) or polyandry (a woman has multiple
mate).
The United Nations (UN) uses the term nucleus family: A family nucleus is of
one of the following types (each of which must consist of persons living in the
same household):
a. A married couple without children,
b. A married couple with one or more unmarried children,
c. A father with one or more unmarried children or
d. A mother with one or more unmarried children.

Couples living in consensual unions should be regarded as married couples.


(Source:http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sconcerns/fam/fammethod
s.htm#A3, accessed June 4, 2014)

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