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Prob. Distribution

This document provides 3 examples and practice problems for understanding probability distributions of discrete random variables. It defines a probability mass function and discusses how to construct probability distributions from sample data, including calculating individual probabilities and drawing a corresponding histogram. Formulas and step-by-step solutions are provided for examples of finding probabilities for random variables related to drawing balls from a box and the number of hot dogs customers purchase.

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Maria Isabel Gabiana Baynos
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154 views24 pages

Prob. Distribution

This document provides 3 examples and practice problems for understanding probability distributions of discrete random variables. It defines a probability mass function and discusses how to construct probability distributions from sample data, including calculating individual probabilities and drawing a corresponding histogram. Formulas and step-by-step solutions are provided for examples of finding probabilities for random variables related to drawing balls from a box and the number of hot dogs customers purchase.

Uploaded by

Maria Isabel Gabiana Baynos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TASK NO.

Let’s test your ability in finding


probabilities.
TASK NO. 1

1. What is the probability of rolling a die


and getting an even number?
TASK NO. 1

2. What is the probability of choosing a


vowel from the alphabets?
TASK NO. 1

3. What is the probability that you will be


chosen by your teacher to answer this
question?
RECALL x

E is any event and S is the sample space


Learning Targets
 Illustrate a probability distribution for a
discrete random variable and its properties.

 Construct the probability mass function of


a discrete random variable and its
corresponding histogram.
Learning Targets

 Compute probabilities corresponding to a


given random variable
Essential Question

How to get the probability distribution of a


discrete random variable?
DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
Define a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its
properties.
Discrete Probability Distribution

A list of probabilities for each of the


distinct outcomes of a discrete random
variable.

Can be presented in two ways: Tables &


Histogram
Properties of a
Discrete Probability Distribution

1. The probability P(x) for each possible


value of x is .

2. The sum of all probabilities in the


distribution is equal to 1.
DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
Construct the probability mass function of a discrete random variable
and its corresponding histogram.
Compute probabilities corresponding to a given random variable
Probability Mass Function

The probability mass function (pmf) of X is


the function that gives the probabilities of
the possible events of the random variable.

P(X=x), where x are the specific values of X


Example 1

1. In a box are 2 balls, one red and one blue. Two balls
are picked one at a time with replacement. Let X be
the number of times the red balls are drawn.
Construct the probability distribution for this
experiment. Draw the probability histogram.

What is the probability that 1 red ball will be drawn?


Example 2

2. In the experiment in example 1, what is the


probability that at least 1 red ball is drawn?
Example 3

3. Given for x = 1, 3, 4. Show that P(x)

describes a probability distribution.


Practice Exercise

1. Suppose the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 6 are written on


cards, which are placed in a box. Two cards are
picked from the box. Let X be the random variable
that gives the product of the two numbers drawn.

a. Construct the probability mass function of X.


b. Construct the histogram for the pmf.
c. What is P(X = 6)?
d. What is P(X 10)?
Practice Exercise

2. Mary Nel sells homemade hotdogs. Because of the


growing sales of her business, she wishes to analyze
her sales to decide if she needs to expand. The
following table shows the collected data from the
last month:
Number of Hotdogs sold per Number of Customer P(X=x)
Transaction
1 235
235/ 500 = 0.47

2 160
160/500 = 0.32

3 55
55/500 = 0.11
4 35
35/500 = 0.07

5 10
10/500 = 0.02

6 5
5/500 = 0.01

TOTAL 500
1
This distribution can be used to answer the following questions.

1. How likely is it that the next customer will buy just one hotdog?
SOLUTION:
From the table, we have P(X=1) = 0.47 or 47%

2. Out of 500 customers, how many are expected to buy more than 3
hotdogs?
SOLUTION:
P(X > 3) = P(X = 4) + P(X = 5) + P(X = 6)
= 0.07 + 0.02 + 0.01
= 0.10 or 10%
Out of 500 customers, 10% are expected to buy more than 3
hotdogs.
500 x 0.10 = 50
Essential Question

How to get the probability distribution of a


discrete random variable?
FORMATIVE TEST

The table below shows the number of goals scored by Team Pinoy in the 20 games of
the season. Let X be the number of goals scored in every game.
Number Number 1. Construct the discrete probability distribution for the
of goals of games given random variables.
scored
2. What is the probability that if a random game is chosen,
0 5 then the team scored 2 goals in that game?
1 7 3. What is the probability that the team scored more than 3
2 3 goals?
3 3 4. What is the probability that the team did not score any
4 1 goal?
5 1 5. Draw the probability histogram.

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