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    Intro To Elevators

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    Sadhika
    This document provides an introduction to elevators, including their origin, components, functions, and types. It discusses how elevators began as simple hoists and have evolved into modern platforms that move vertically within enclosed shafts. The key components of elevators are identified as the controller, hoisting machine, sling assembly, guide rails, car, and safety systems. Three main types - hydraulic, drum, and traction - are described along with diagrams of their components and operating mechanisms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Intro To Elevators

    Uploaded by

    Sadhika
    449 views20 pages
    This document provides an introduction to elevators, including their origin, components, functions, and types. It discusses how elevators began as simple hoists and have evolved into modern platforms that move vertically within enclosed shafts. The key components of elevators are identified as the controller, hoisting machine, sling assembly, guide rails, car, and safety systems. Three main types - hydraulic, drum, and traction - are described along with diagrams of their components and operating mechanisms.

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    This document provides an introduction to elevators, including their origin, components, functions, and types. It discusses how elevators began as simple hoists and have evolved into modern platforms that move vertically within enclosed shafts. The key components of elevators are identified as the controller, hoisting machine, sling assembly, guide rails, car, and safety systems. Three main types - hydraulic, drum, and traction - are described along with diagrams of their components and operating mechanisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    449 views20 pages

    Intro To Elevators

    Uploaded by

    Sadhika
    This document provides an introduction to elevators, including their origin, components, functions, and types. It discusses how elevators began as simple hoists and have evolved into modern platforms that move vertically within enclosed shafts. The key components of elevators are identified as the controller, hoisting machine, sling assembly, guide rails, car, and safety systems. Three main types - hydraulic, drum, and traction - are described along with diagrams of their components and operating mechanisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    INTRODUCTION TO

    ELEVATORS

    Submitted by:
    S.Navya sree
    K.Chandini
    K.Gayatri sadhika
    M.Ramesh
    TOPICS:

     Basics of Elevators
     Origin
     Types of Elevators
     Elevator Components &
    functions
    Basics of Elevators:
    1. An Elevator is defined as a
    permanent lifting equipment serving two
    or more landing levels including a car for
    transportation of passengers and or other
    loads vertically.
    2. Elevators began as simple rope or chain
    hoists and moves between guide rails not
    more than 15 degree vertical.
    3. An elevator is essentially a platform that is
    either pulled or pushed up by a
    mechanical means.
    4. A modern day elevator consists of a cab (also
    called a "cage" or "car") mounted on a
    platform within an enclosed space called a
    shaft, or "hoistway".
    5. In the past, elevator drive mechanisms
    were powered by steam and water
    hydraulic pistons.
    Origin:
    • An elevator today was built in London in 1823.
    • In 1845 William Thompson built the first Hydraulic Elevator
    • Henry Waterman, of New York, invented the lift (elevator) in 1850. He intended
    it to transport barrels of flour.
    • In 1853, Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator, which prevented the fall of
    the cab if the cable broke.
    • The first electric elevator was built by Werner von Siemens in 1880. The safety
    and speed of electric elevators were significantly enhanced by Frank Sprague.
    • In 1874, J.W. Meaker patented a method which permitted elevator doors to open
    and close safely.
    • In 1929, Clarence Conrad Crispen, with Inclinator Company of America, created
    the first residential elevator. Crispen also invented the first inclined stairlift.
    Components of Elevator:
    1. Controller
    2. Hoisting Machine
    3. Sling Assembly
    4. Deflector sheave
    5. Speed Governor
    6. Safeties
    7. Guide rails
    8. Brackets
    9. Cab/Car, Door Operator
    10. Traveling cable
    11. Switches
    12. Buffers
    13. Counterweight
    14. Compensating sheave
    Types of Elevators
     Hydraulic
     Drum type
     Traction Elevator
    Types of Elevators -Hydraulic Elevators
    Types of Elevators – Drum Elevators
    Types of Elevators – Traction Elevators
    Types of Elevators - Traditional Traction elevator
    This is a traditional traction elevator with the
    machine room above the shaft.

    Power is transmitted Friction factor > T1/T2


    by friction between to ensure enough
    the ropes and the friction for power
    pulley grooves transmission

    Counter
    weight =
    Car (empty car
    weight +
    half the
    contract
    load)
    Multiple roping reduces the suspended
    ROPING PRINCIPLES: load on the machinery, while the rope
    speed gets increased. Hence used for
    bigger car loads and low car speed
    CAR AND SLING

     The car is a safe, closed place to


    carry passengers
     Overloading is not possible: floor
    area is limited to the capacity of
    hoisting and safety equipment
     Around the car is a steel frame
    called “Sling”
     Suspension ropes, guide shoes and
    safety gear are fixed to the sling.
    COUNTERWEIGHT

     Counterweight is fixed to the other


    end of the suspension ropes
     It moves in the opposite direction to
    the car
     Its weight is same as car + sling + ½ x
    the rated load
     It ensures the friction between the
    ropes and the traction wheel
    GUIDE RAILS

     Guide rails make the vertical path for


    the car and the counterweight
     They are fixed to the walls of the shaft
    GUIDE SHOES

    Roller type guide shoes


    enable smooth travel of
    the car
    OVERSPEED GOVERNOR

    Monitors the car speed for overspeed


    protection
    SAFETY GEAR

     Overspeed governor (in machine room)


    is connected by a rope loop to the
    safety gear (in car sling)
     If the car begins to move too fast
    downwards, the Overspeed governor
    triggers the safety gear by stopping the
    rope.
     The safety gear grips on the guide
    rails and stops the car.
     The rope is supervised with a
    tension weight in shaft pit
    BUFFERS

    • The buffers soften the stop of


    the car if it tries to run at full
    speed to the bottom of the shaft.
    • Similarly the counterweight is
    stopped soft, if the car tries to
    run full speed to the top of the
    shaft.
    COMPENSATING ROPES

     Counterbalance the weight of the


    hoisting
    ropes
     Reduce the machinery's workload
     Run from car to the counterweight
     For lower lift speeds, compensation
    cables using linked chain are used
    instead of ropes.

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