Bio PPT 2

Endangered Species :
The endangered species are those living

organisms which are almost on the verge of
extinction. Thousands of species of plants and
animals are endangered and the number
increases each year.
Endemic Species:
When a species is found only in a particular
geographical region because of its isolation, soil and
climatic conditions, it is said to be endemic.
1
ENDANGERED AND ENDEMIC SPECIES OF
INDIA
The endangered species in the country are categorized as
1. Vulnerable
2. Rare
3. Indeterminate
4. Threatened.
Other species are found only in India and are thus endemic or
restricted to our country.
Some of these may have very localized distribution and are
considered highly endemic.
To protect endangered species India has created the Wildlife
Protection Act. This includes lists of plants and animals
categorized according to the threat on their survival
2
Causes for species
becoming
endangered
3
Effects On
Nature
 Disruption of food chains and food webs.
 Their absence hampers national wealth.
 Affects national biodiversity.
 Ecological Imbalance.
4
Causes for
Endemism
5
Some examples of the species
in India
In general, Indian species are categorised into
the following groups based on the intensity of
threat :
1. Endemic species
2. Critically endangered
3. Endangered
4. Vulnerable species
6
Endemic species in India
Tiger Dhole (Indian wild Snow leopard is an

dog) endangered species
found along the
Himalayas
Golden Langur Black Buck Asiatic lion
7
Indian peacock Lion tailed Brown fish
macaque owl
Indian cobra Clouded leopard Indian elephant
8
Indian vulture Red panda Olive ridley turtles
Oplismenus thwaitesii Gymnostachyum Impatiens

febrifugum sivarajanii
9
Ornithochilus cacharensis
Phalaenopsis speciosa
10
Critically endangered species
AMUR LEOPARD HAWKSBILL TURTLE LEATHERBACK TURTLE
Cross river gorilla Sumatran Tiger Javan Rhino

11
Sumatran orangutan Vaquit
a
Saola
12
Endangered Species
Ganges River Dolphin Amur Tiger Royal Bengal Tiger
Black-footed Ferret Blue Whale Blue Fin Tuna
13
Giant Panda
Snow Leopard
14
Vulnerable species
Dugong Great White Shark Red Panda
Whale shark Polar Bear Irrawaddy Dolphin
15
Bio – life
Diversity - variety
Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on the
Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the
variety of organisms present in different ecosystems.
Conservation
Conservation is the act of preserving, guarding or
protecting; wise use.
16
India is one of the most
important among the 12 Mega diversity
Countries of the World.
Ministry of Environment & Pollution (MOEP) enlisted

47000 plants & 81000 animals comprising 7% and
6.5% of world’s Flora & Fauna.
17
MAIN PURPOSE OF CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
1. To continue & sustain the eco system.

2. To sustain Variety of gene pool.
3. Development of Tourism.
4. To Maintain economic growth.
5. Conservation of food resources.
6. To save social values.
7. To save Ethical values.
8. To save optional values.
9. Medicinal use for the benefit of Human.
10. To save endangered species, rare species & Vulnerable
species.
18
THE MAIN REASON FOR LOSS OF
BIODIVERSITY
1. Destruction of habitat or Loss and Fragmentation of habitat.

2. Hunting for economic Purpose.
3. Over Exploitation.
4. For the Purpose of Scientific research and zoo Collection.
5. Control of Paste and Predators.
6. Pollution.
7. Introduction of Exotic Species.
8. Climate Change.
9. Natural Calamities. Etc.
HUNTING 20
RECKLESS FELLING OF TREES FOREST FIRE
CONSTRUCTION OF DAM CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD 21

MAIN TECHNIQUES OF CONSERVATION OF BIO-
DIVERSITY
In-situ Conservation:
• In situ conservation is the on-site conservation
• It is the process of protecting
an endangered plant or animal species in its natural habitat,
either by protecting or cleaning up the habitat itself, or by
defending the species from predators
Ex-situ Conservation:
• Ex situ conservation literally means "off-site conservation".
• It is the process of protecting an endangered species of plant or
animal outside its natural habitat.
• For example, by removing part of the population from a
threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, which may be
a wild area or within the care of humans
22
IN-SITU CONSERVATION
1. Botanical Garden. KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK
2. National Park.
3. Sanctuary
4. Reserve forest.
5. Biosphere Reserve.
6. Bird Sanctuary.
7. Tiger project. HIMALAYAN CHITAH
8. Crocodile project.
9. Zoo garden.
10. Conservation of water land.
TIGER PROJEC2T3
EX-SITU CONSERVATION
1. Gene Bank.
2. Sperm Bank.
3. Ova Bank.
4. Seed Bank. GENE BANK
SEED BANK
HA! HA! ----SURVIVED!
23
OTHER MODES OF CONSERVATION
 Strict Legal action against poaching.

 Proper Implementation of Acts to save Bio-Diversity.
 Awareness programme.
24
THE STEPS OR EFFORTS TAKEN IN INDIA TO SAVE
BIO- DIVERSITY
1. Establishment of Ministry of environment & forest 1980.

2. Establishment of Protected area:
Sanctuary – 500
National Park 92
Reserve forest
Botanical gardens
3. Establishment of forest survey of India 1981
Botanical survey of India 1890(Cal).
Zoological survey of India.
4. Establishment of medicinal plant conservation
area(MPCA).
25
5. Establishment Plant development area(MPDA).
6. Establishment of national Plants gene bank
7. Establishment of WWF India.
8.Establishment of Bombay Natural History society 1983.
9. Establishment of TRAFFIC INDIA 1991.
10. Announcement of 13 Biosphere reserve.
11.Membership of convention on International trade in endangered s pecies
of world flora & fauna.
26
IN CASE OF EX-SITU CONSERVATION:
1. Establishment of NBAGR (National Bureau of animal

genetic resources.
2. NFPTCR (National facility for plant tissue culture
repository) conservation of plant variety through tissue
culture.
3. NBPGR (National Bureau of plant genetic resources) New
Delhi, for Cryogenic preservation of seed.
27
PROTECTION ACTS
1. Madras wildlife Acts 1873.
2. All India elephant preservation Act 1879
3. The wild Birds and animals Protection Act 1912.
4. Bengal Rhinoceros preservation Act 1932.
5. Assam Rhinoceros preservation Act 1954.
6. All India wildlife protection Act 1972 amended in
1983,1986,1991.
7. Environment protection Act 1996.
8. Bio-Diversity Act 2002.
28
ESTABLISHMENT OF -
 Green Bench.
 Central pollution control Board.
 State pollution Control Board.
 National Committee for environment protection.
29
NATURE IS IN OUR HAND TO
NURSE 30
31

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Endangered Species :

The endangered species are those living

 Their absence hampers national wealth.

 Affects national biodiversity.

Tiger Dhole (Indian wild Snow leopard is an

Golden Langur Black Buck Asiatic lion

Indian cobra Clouded leopard Indian elephant

Oplismenus thwaitesii Gymnostachyum Impatiens

AMUR LEOPARD HAWKSBILL TURTLE LEATHERBACK TURTLE

Cross river gorilla Sumatran Tiger Javan Rhino

Ganges River Dolphin Amur Tiger Royal Bengal Tiger

Black-footed Ferret Blue Whale Blue Fin Tuna

Dugong Great White Shark Red Panda

Whale shark Polar Bear Irrawaddy Dolphin

Ministry of Environment & Pollution (MOEP) enlisted

1. To continue & sustain the eco system.

1. Destruction of habitat or Loss and Fragmentation of habitat.

CONSTRUCTION OF DAM CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD 21

1. Botanical Garden. KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK

 Strict Legal action against poaching.

1. Establishment of Ministry of environment & forest 1980.

1. Establishment of NBAGR (National Bureau of animal

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