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    12-Plasma Arc Cutting

    Uploaded by

    Ramu Amara
    Plasma arc cutting uses a constricted arc between a tungsten electrode and the workpiece to melt and remove metal. A pilot arc ionizes gas that is blown through a nozzle, forming a path to ignite the main cutting arc. The arc and ionized gas are forced through a small nozzle opening, concentrating the heat on a small area of the workpiece. The intense heat melts the metal, and the supersonic gas jet removes the molten material in a narrow kerf. Plasma arc cutting can cut a variety of metals faster than oxy-fuel cutting and leaves a narrower cut.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    12-Plasma Arc Cutting

    Uploaded by

    Ramu Amara
    28 views9 pages
    Plasma arc cutting uses a constricted arc between a tungsten electrode and the workpiece to melt and remove metal. A pilot arc ionizes gas that is blown through a nozzle, forming a path to ignite the main cutting arc. The arc and ionized gas are forced through a small nozzle opening, concentrating the heat on a small area of the workpiece. The intense heat melts the metal, and the supersonic gas jet removes the molten material in a narrow kerf. Plasma arc cutting can cut a variety of metals faster than oxy-fuel cutting and leaves a narrower cut.

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    12-Plasma arc cutting

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    Plasma arc cutting uses a constricted arc between a tungsten electrode and the workpiece to melt and remove metal. A pilot arc ionizes gas that is blown through a nozzle, forming a path to ignite the main cutting arc. The arc and ionized gas are forced through a small nozzle opening, concentrating the heat on a small area of the workpiece. The intense heat melts the metal, and the supersonic gas jet removes the molten material in a narrow kerf. Plasma arc cutting can cut a variety of metals faster than oxy-fuel cutting and leaves a narrower cut.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views9 pages

    12-Plasma Arc Cutting

    Uploaded by

    Ramu Amara
    Plasma arc cutting uses a constricted arc between a tungsten electrode and the workpiece to melt and remove metal. A pilot arc ionizes gas that is blown through a nozzle, forming a path to ignite the main cutting arc. The arc and ionized gas are forced through a small nozzle opening, concentrating the heat on a small area of the workpiece. The intense heat melts the metal, and the supersonic gas jet removes the molten material in a narrow kerf. Plasma arc cutting can cut a variety of metals faster than oxy-fuel cutting and leaves a narrower cut.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Plasma arc cutting

    Unit-III(B)
    Plasma arc cutting
    • It is an arc cutting process wherein the
    severing of the metal is obtained by melting a
    localized area with a constricted arc and
    removing the molten material with a high
    velocity jet of hot, ionized gas issuing from the
    orifice.
    Principle of operation
    • Plasma arc cutting makes use of DCSP (electrode -ve) with a constricted transferred
    arc struck between a tungsten electrode situated within the torch and the
    workpiece to be cut.
    • The cutting arc between the electrode and the workpiece is initiated by a pilot arc
    established between electrode and nozzle.
    • The nozzle is connected to ground (+) through a current limiting resistor and a pilot
    arc relay contact.
    • The pilot arc is initiated by a high frequency generator connected to the electrode
    and nozzle. Ionized orifice gas from the pilot arc is blown through the constricting
    nozzle orifice.
    • This forms a low resistance path to ignite the main arc between the electrode and
    the workpiece.
    • Once the main arc is ignited the pilot arc goes off. A high-frequency electric arc thus
    established is passed through a stream of inert gas (usually nitrogen) the latter is
    ionized.
    Principle of operation
    • Both the ionized gas column and the arc are forced through a small orifice
    in the torch nozzle.
    • The nozzle, having a relatively small orifice, constricts the arc and thus
    increases current density and arc temperature.
    • This high temperature arc is localized and concentrated upon a small area
    of the plate where its intense heat melts the metal to the cut.
    • The gas which is heated by the arc cannot expand due to the constriction
    of the nozzle orifice and it emerges in the form of a supersonic jet.
    • The base metal continuously melted by the intense heat of the arc is
    removed by the jet-like gas stream (issuing from the torch nozzle) to form
    a narrow kerf and smooth surface.
    • The combined heat and force of the arc stream produce a high quality,
    saw-like cut.
    Parameters involved in PAM
    • Current: Up to 500A
    • Voltage: 30-250V
    • Cutting speed: 0.1-7.5 m/min.
    • Plate thickness: Up to 200mm
    • Power require: 2 to 200 KW
    • Material removal rate: 150 cm3/min
    • Velocity of Plasma: 500m/sec
    • Material of workpiece: As previously stated, you can use any
    metal as material of workpiece. For instance, aluminium and
    stainless steel are highly recommended for this process.
    Applications of plasma arc
    • Plasma cutting is used to cut particularly those nonferrous and stainless
    metals that cannot be cut by the usual rapid oxidation induced by ordinary
    flame torches.
    • Plasma cutting can be used for stack cutting, plate bevelling, and shape
    cutting and piercing.
    • With some modifications, plasma arc cutting can be used under water.
    • Plasma arc cutting finds applications in many industries such as shipyard,
    chemical, nuclear and pressure vessel.
    • It is used for removing gates and risers in foundry.
    • It cuts hot extrusions to desired length.
    • It is used to cut any desired pipe contour.
    • It is also employed for gouging applications.
    • It finds use in the manufacture of automotive and railroad components.
    Advantages
    • It cuts carbon steel up to 10 times faster than
    oxy-fuel cutting, with equal quality more
    economically.
    • It leaves a narrower kerf.
    • Plasma cutting being primarily a melting process
    can cut any metal.
    • Arc plasma torches give the highest temperature
    available from many practicable sources.
    Disadvantages
    • High initial cost of the equipment.
    • This entire machining process consumes a high amount of
    inert gases.
    • Production of narrower surfaces takes place which is
    unnecessary.
    • The most harmful part of PAM is that metallurgical changes
    takes place on the surface.
    • The operator or person handling the whole process must
    take proper precautions. This process can affect human eyes
    so a proper googles or helmet must be worn by an operator.

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