The Spiritual Self

The Spiritual Self
Spiritual vs Religious
• 5. Spiritual is defined as relating to or affecting the
human spirit or soul as opposed to material or
physical things.
• 6. Religious person – is someone who believes in God
or group of Gods and consciously adheres to the
beliefs of his/ her religion.
• 7. A spiritual person – places a little importance on
beliefs and traditions and is more concerned with
growing and experiencing the Divine.
Why is spirituality important?
• 18. Contemplative practice- as a method to develop
concentration, deepen understanding and insight and
cultivate awareness and compassion.
• 20. Meditation – mental exercise for the purpose of
reaching a heightened level of spiritual awareness.
• 19. Prayer – a spiritual communion with God
• Yoga – a Hindu spiritual and ascetic discipline
• Journaling – help you become more aware of your
inner life and feel more connected to your experience
The psychology behind religious belief
• Steven Reiss, professor emeritus of psychology at the
Ohio state University, posited a theory on why people
are attracted to religion.
• 16 basic desires that human share: acceptance,
curiosity, eating, family, honor, idealism,
independence, order, physical activity, power,
romance, saving, social contact, status, tranquility,
vengeance
The Practice of Religion: Belief in Supernatural Being and Power
• 1.Religion – as the belief in and worship of

superhuman controlling power, especially a personal
God or gods (Oxford University Press, 2017)
• It is also a particular system of faith and worship.
Four dimensions of religion
1. 2. Religious Belief- are a generalized system of ideas
and values that shape how members of a religious
group come to understand the world around them.
2. 3. Rituals- physical gestures or activities such as
prayers and mantras used to reinforce religious
teachings, elicit spiritual feelings, connect
worshippers with higher power
• 4. Rite of passage- which marks a persons transition
from one stage
• Examples of rites of passage include baptism and
weddings.
3. Experience or feeling of immediate connection with a
higher power.
4. Unique social forms of community
Emile Durkheim emphasized that religious beliefs and
practices “unite in one single community called a
Church, all those who adhere to them.”
Major Religions
• 1. 8 Judaism- encompasses the religion, philosophy, and
culture of the Jewish people. Their sacred text is the 9
Torah.
• 2.12 Christianity- is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion
based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who
serves as the focal point of the Christian faith. 13.The
word of God is written in the Bible.
• 3. 10 Islam- religious faith of Muslims who worship Allah
as the sole deity and believes Muhammad is His
prophet. 11 The holy scriptures is Koran.
• Hinduism- oldest religion, combines the beliefs,
philosophy and cultural practices in India.
• Sacred text Sanskrit
• 16. Brahman- one supreme God who has multiple
manifestations as either a god or goddess
• Buddhism- refers to the teachings of Guatama
17.Buddha- enlightened one or the awakened one
The concept of Dungan, Spirit, and Soul
• 14. Babaylan- priestess or shaman acted as healer,
spiritual leader and medium
• 15. Animism- attribution of a soul to plants,
inanimate objects and natural phenomenon
• Dungan- a life force, an energy, as well as an ethereal
entity, the conscious intellectual and emotional
aspects.
• Ginhawa- vital force, the breath of life
What is the difference between
the soul and the spirit of man?
• Old English soul was sawol that meant the spiritual
and emotional part of a person’s, animate existence.
• Spirit is directly from Latin spiritus a breathing of life
• Biblical beliefs
• In western culture
• In eastern culture
The Soul according to some Ethnolinguistic Groups of the
Philippines
Rituals and Ceremonies
• Ritual- a ceremony or action
performed in a customary way
• Ceremony is a formal act or ritual
performed in observation of an
event or anniversary
Where does rituals originate?
• The Origin Approach- ritual behavior was
part of the human evolution
• Functional Approach- explain ritual
behavior in terms of individual and social
needs
• History of religious approach- ritual
behavior is an expression of the sacred
Classification of Rituals
• 1. Imitative- patterned after myths and the
rituals repeats the myths
• 2. negative ritual- focus on the rules of
prohibition
• 3. sacrificial rituals- offering to a higher being
• 4. life crisis ritual- the transition of one mode
or stage of life into another

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The Spiritual Self

• 1.Religion – as the belief in and worship of

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