Design of A Plate Girder Example

Design of a plate girder
A simply supported plate girder has a span of 12m

and carries two concentrated loads on the top
flange at the third points consisting of 450 kN dead
load and 300 kN imposed load. In addition, it carries
a uniformly distributed dead load of 20 kN/m, which
includes an allowance for self-weight and an
imposed load of 10 kN/m. The compression flange
is fully restrained laterally.
The girder is supported on a heavy stiffened bracket
at each end. The material is Grade S275 steel.
Design the girder system as per BS 5950-1:2000.
1. Loads, shears and moments
The factored loads are:

Concentrated loads = (1.4 × 450) + (1.6 × 300)
= 1110kN
Distributed load = (1.4 × 20) + (1.6 × 10)
= 44kN/m
Loads , reactions, moments and shear
Girder section for moment
Determination of overall depth, D
Using depth span/10 ratio;
12,000
D  1,200mm
10
Take the overall depth of the girder as 1200mm.
Design strength of flange plates, pyf

Assume that the flange plates are over 40mm thick,
thus from BS 5950-1:2000, Table 9
for the plates py = 255 N/mm2.
Flange width:
B/D = 0.4
B = 0.4 x1200 = 480mm
say 500mm
Flange thickness; T
From moment capacity of the section;
5,232x106 = 255 x 500T(1,200-T)
From which T = 35.23mm,
say 40mm.
Since, T = 40mm, pyf = 265N/mm2
Design of web
(no tension field action, Vcr > Fv)
Establish web thickness referring the ratio,

from Table 11
d 1120
 120 , t  9.15mm
t
122.4
275
  1.02
265
t = 10mm
Moment capacity check w.r.t flange
MCx = 500 x 40 x 265 x (1200 – 40) x 106

= 6,148kNm > 5,323kNm …… O.K
Web design
Establish web thickness referring the ratio,
from Table 11
d
 120 ,
t
1120

275
 1.00 t  9.33mm
275 120
t = 10mm
Check minimum thickness of web
(Section 4.4.2 of BS 5950)
The design strength of the web py = 275 N/mm2 for
plate less than 16mm thick.
The minimum thickness is the greater of:

(1) Serviceability
Stiffener spacing, a > depth, d in the centre of the
girder.
Web thickness t > 1120/250 = 4.48mm….. O.K
(2) To prevent the flange buckling into the web:
Stiffener spacing a < 1.5 depth d:
Web thickness t
d p yf 1120 265
t ( )   3.42mm.....O.K
250 455 250 455
Buckling resistance of web
(4.4.5.2)
The buckling resistance is checked for the maximum
shear in the end panel:
Web depth/thickness ratio d/t = 112
Stiffener spacing/web depth ratio
a/d = 1000/1120 = 0.90 < 1.5
From Table 21 in the code the shear buckling

strength:
• qw = 143 N/mm2
• Shear buckling resistance:
• Vb = Vw = 143 × 10 × 1120/103 = 1587.3kN
Critical shear buckling resistance: (4.4.5.4)
Pv = 0.6PyAv = 0.6 × 275 × 1120 × 10 × 10−3
= 1831kN
• Since Pv > Vw > 0.72Pv

• Vcr = (9Vw − 2Pv)/7 = 1517.2 kN
Factored applied shear, Fv
Fv = 1374 kN < 1517.2 kN…………………….O.K
Section classification (Table 11)
Flange: b/T = 250/40 = 6.25< 8x1.02 …… Plastic
Web: d/t=1120/10 = 112<120. Semi- compact
Conclusion:
Adapt: 40x500mm flanges of S275 steel grade
10x1120mm web of S275 steel grade
Moment capacity check:
High shear—flange only method:
Since Fv > 0.6Pv and the section is considered as
semi compact;
Since the applied shear is greater than 60 per cent
Vw, the web is designed for shear only and the
flanges are not Class 4 slender, then the moment
capacity is be obtained by assuming that the
moment is resisted by the flanges alone with each
flange subject to a uniform stress not exceeding
pyf .
Mcx= BT(d + T )pyf
MCx = 500 x 40 x 265 x (1120+40) x 106
Conclusion:
Adapt: 40x500mm flanges of S275 steel grade
10x1120mm web of S275 steel grade
NOTE:
1. If the depth/thickness ratio d/t for the web is less
than or equal to 62ε, the web is not susceptible to
shear buckling and the moment capacity is
determined in the same way as for restrained
beams given in Section 4.4.2.
2. If the depth/thickness ratio d/t for the web is
greater than 62ε, the web is susceptible to shear
buckling. The post-buckled shear resistance of the
web is defined as the simple shear buckling
resistance,Vw = dtqw. The shear buckling strength
qw is given in Table 21 or Annex H.1 of the code
and depends on the d/t of the web and a/d of the
web panel.
3. Low shear:
If the applied shear is less than or equal to 60 per
cent of the simple shear buckling resistance Vw,
then it will not cause shear buckling and the
moment capacity is determined in the usual way as
for restrained beams,
4. High shear— flange only method:

If the applied shear is greater than 60 per cent Vw,
the web is designed for shear only and the flanges
are not Class 4 slender, then the moment capacity
may be obtained by assuming that the moment is
resisted by the flanges alone with each flange
subject to a uniform stress not exceeding pyf .
5. High shear—general method:
If the applied shear is greater than 60 per cent
Vw and the moment does not exceed the low
shear moment capacity given in (3), then the
moment capacity may be based on the capacity
of the flanges plus the capacity of the web.
Checks on the web contribution should be
carried out to Annex H of the code.
Stiffener design

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Design of a plate girder

A simply supported plate girder has a span of 12m

The factored loads are:

Take the overall depth of the girder as 1200mm.

Design strength of flange plates, pyf

Establish web thickness referring the ratio,

MCx = 500 x 40 x 265 x (1200 – 40) x 106

The minimum thickness is the greater of:

From Table 21 in the code the shear buckling

• Since Pv > Vw > 0.72Pv

Web: d/t=1120/10 = 112<120. Semi- compact

4. High shear— flange only method:

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