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    Language Planning & Policy

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    Dya 130797
    This document discusses language planning and policy issues faced by countries. It outlines the key problems countries aim to address such as modernizing language, disseminating it through the population, and adjusting education. It also examines factors like language profiles, spread, literacy planning and shifts. Language planning involves intentional efforts to change a language use through decisions on status, corpus, and acquisition planning. Status planning focuses on a language's social role while corpus planning its form and content.

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    Language Planning & Policy

    Uploaded by

    Dya 130797
    138 views17 pages
    This document discusses language planning and policy issues faced by countries. It outlines the key problems countries aim to address such as modernizing language, disseminating it through the population, and adjusting education. It also examines factors like language profiles, spread, literacy planning and shifts. Language planning involves intentional efforts to change a language use through decisions on status, corpus, and acquisition planning. Status planning focuses on a language's social role while corpus planning its form and content.

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    This document discusses language planning and policy issues faced by countries. It outlines the key problems countries aim to address such as modernizing language, disseminating it through the population, and adjusting education. It also examines factors like language profiles, spread, literacy planning and shifts. Language planning involves intentional efforts to change a language use through decisions on status, corpus, and acquisition planning. Status planning focuses on a language's social role while corpus planning its form and content.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    138 views17 pages

    Language Planning & Policy

    Uploaded by

    Dya 130797
    This document discusses language planning and policy issues faced by countries. It outlines the key problems countries aim to address such as modernizing language, disseminating it through the population, and adjusting education. It also examines factors like language profiles, spread, literacy planning and shifts. Language planning involves intentional efforts to change a language use through decisions on status, corpus, and acquisition planning. Status planning focuses on a language's social role while corpus planning its form and content.

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    of 17

    LANGUAGE PLANNING &

    POLICY
    Problems faced by a country in making
    decisions
     How to modernize the language?
     How to disseminate the language through
    population?
     How to adjust educational system according to
    the changes?
     How to develop a corpus?
     How to use language for science and
    technology?
    Factors addressed in the field
     What is the language profile of the country?
     What are the factors leading to language
    spread?
     What literacy planning and legislation, policy
    and implementation is currently taking place?
     What factors are leading to language shift and
    maintenance in society?
     How are these language planning activities
    occurring in the field?
    Language Planning
     A body of ideas; laws,
    regulations, rules, beliefs, and
    practices intended to achieve
    a planned change.
    Language Policy
     Includes rules regarding status of
    language
     Refers to laws and policies- traditions
    and customs
     Features:
    1. As old as language
    2. Can be unconscious preferences or conscious
    implementation of decisions
    3. Can be negative or positive
    4. Can be directed at government level or individual
    Elements involved in Language planning
     Macro level – (Government involved)
     Micro level- (Institutions- educational/libraries
    etc)

    Government
    agencies
    Educational
    agencies
    Quasi –
    governmental
    agencies
    Influential
    groups and
    individuals
    Stages of Language Planning
     Society-( Status Planning)  Language-(Corpus Planning)

    1. Selection (decision 2. Codification (Standardization


    procedures) procedures)
    a. Problem identification a. Grammatication
    b. Allocation of norms
    4. Elaboration
    3. Implementation (functional development)
    (educational spread) b. Modernization
    c. Correction procedures c. Development
    d. Evaluation d. internationalization
    Status, Use & Institutional support
     Concentric approach to language status and
    use.

    Expanding

    Non-native

    Traditional
    Status, Use & Institutional support
     Status planning
     Provincial communication
     Wider communication
     International communication
     Use in centers of power
     Use within certain groups
     Medium of education
     Educational subjects
     Literary use
     Religious use
    Sociolinguistic surveys
     Domains of Power

     Who speaks what to whom under what


    conditions and for what purpose?

     Intended mainly to provide a picture of the


    existing language situation in the state.
    Language-In-Education Planning
     Education sector has to take a number of
    language planning and policy decisions:

     Medium of instruction
     Supply of teachers
     Profile of the students
     Methodologies to be employed
     Assessment process involved
     Economic and physical resources required
    Language situation in Pakistan
     Multilingual/multiethnic
    country
     6 major and 57 minor % of
    Language speakers
    languages Punjabi 44.15
     Urdu the national language Pashto 15.42
    and the language of the Sindhi 14.1
    mohajirs that make 3% of the Siraiki 10.53
    entire population Urdu 7.57
     Lost vitality of local languages Balochi 3.57
    Other 4.0

    Source: Census 2001


    Language policy of Pakistan
     Strengthen the state by promoting Urdu as a national
    language

     Modernize the state through English as official language.

     The language policy according to the Constitution of Pakistan is:

    1. The national language of Pakistan is Urdu, and arrangements


    shall be made for it being used for official and other purposes
    within 15 years from the commencing day.

    2. The English language may be used for official purposes until


    arrangements are made for its replacement by Urdu

    (Article 251 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan,


    1973)
    Language & Education in Pakistan
     1947- Urdu medium of instruction for masses and English for elite
     1959- first education policy of Pakistan made but never implemented.-
    (primary and secondary education in Urdu and higher education in
    English)
     1973- Urdu as (future) official language policy and provinces free to
    make individual choices.
     1977- ‘Islamization’ by Zia-ul- Haq- Arabic introduced- English
    compulsory subject till grade 4 and examinations to be conducted in
    Urdu by 1989 (emergence of private English medium schools).
     1989- English made a compulsory subject from grade 1
     1998- Existence of parallel systems of education
     2007- ‘White paper’ issued –English to be taught as a subject from
    grade 1, while maths and science in English to be taught from grade 6.
     2009- science & maths in english to be taught from grade 4-5.
    Language & Education in Pakistan
    Medium of Instruction policy determines which social
    and linguistic groups have access to political and
    economic opportunities.

     English is an examination subject


     English teachers do not use English
     Other languages are marginalized

     Consequences
     Parallel systems of education
     Lack of unity
     Lack of sense of identity
     Neglect of local urdu language
    Pakistan’s Language policy

     Rationale for keeping Urdu as national


    Language and giving importance to
    regional languages

     Nationallanguage
     Symbol of identity
     Maintenance of cultural roots
     Additional tools for communication
    Support for English
     English entrenched in domain of power
    especially civil services and military
     English separates elites from masses
     Elites have invested in Parallel system of
    education
     Means of wider communication
     English Media available
     Globalization
     English is the international language

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