9-Valves Rating9

VALVE RATINGS
VALVE RATINGS
1- Flow coefficient (capacity index):

• Used to state the flow capacity of a control
valve for specified conditions.
• Currently, in the control valve industry, one
of three flow coefficients British Av, North
American Kv, or United States Cv is used
depending upon the location and system of
units.
• The flow coefficients have the following
relationships:
VALVE RATINGS
• Av = 0.0000278 Kv
• Av = 0.0000240 Cv
• Kv = 0.865 Cv
• The flow coefficient Av is in cubic meters per
second and can be determined from the
formula:
VALVE RATINGS
2- Close-off rating:
• The maximum pressure drop that a valve can
withstand without leakage while in the full
closed position.
• The close-off rating is a function of actuator

power to hold the valve closed against
pressure drop, but structural parts such as the
stem can be the limiting factor.
VALVE RATINGS
3- Close-off rating of three-way valves:
• The maximum pressure difference between

either of the two inlet ports and the outlet port
for mixing valves, or the pressure difference
between the inlet port and either of the two
outlet ports for diverting valves.
VALVE RATINGS
4- Pressure drop:
• The difference in upstream and downstream

pressures of the fluid flowing through the
valve.
VALVE RATINGS
5- Pressure drop (critical):
• The flow of a gaseous controlled fluid through
the valve increases as the pressure drop
increases until reaching a critical point. This is
the critical pressure drop.
• Any increase in pressure drop beyond the
critical pressure drop is dissipated as noise and
cavitation rather than increasing flow.
• The noise and cavitation can destroy the valve
and adjacent piping components.
VALVE RATINGS
6- Body rating (nominal):

• The theoretical pressure rating, expressed in
psi, of the valve body exclusive of packing,
disc, etc.
• The nominal rating is often cast on the valve
body and provides a way to classify the valve
by pressure.
VALVE RATINGS
• A valve of specified body material and

nominal body rating often has characteristics
such as pressure-temperature ratings, wall
thickness, and end connections which are
determined by a society such as ANSI
(American National Standards Institute).
VALVE RATINGS
7- Body rating (actual):
• The correlation between safe, permissible

flowing fluid pressure and flowing fluid
temperature of the valve body (exclusive of
the packing, disc, etc.).
• The nominal valve body rating is the
permissible pressure at a specific temperature.
VALVE RATINGS
8- Maximum pressure and temperature:

• The maximum pressure and temperature
limitations of fluid flow that a valve can
withstand.
• These ratings may be due to valve packing,
body, or disc material or actuator limitations.
VALVE RATINGS
• The actual valve body ratings are exclusively
for the valve body and the maximum pressure
and temperature ratings are for the complete
valve (body and trim).
• Note that the maximum pressure and

temperature ratings may be less than the actual
valve body ratings.
VALVE SELECTION
VALVE SELECTION
• Proper valve selection matches a valve to the
control and hydraulic system physical
requirements.
• First consider the application requirements

and then consider the valve characteristics
necessary to meet those requirements.
The following questions provide a
guide to correct valve selection
• What is the piping arrangement and size?
• The piping arrangement indicates whether a

two-way or three-way mixing or diverting
valve is needed.
• The piping size gives some indication of
whether the valve requires a screwed end or a
flanged end connection.
• Does the application require two-position
control or proportional control? Does the
application require a normally open or
normally closed valve? Should the actuator
be direct acting or reverse acting?
• In its state of rest, the valve is normally open

or closed depending on the load being
controlled, the fluid being controlled, and the
system configuration.
• For chilled water coils, it is usually
preferable to close the valve on fan shutdown
to prevent excessive condensation around the
duct and coil, and to save pumping energy.
• This may be accomplished with either

normally closed valves or a variety of other
control schemes.
• Is tight shut-off necessary? What
differential pressure does the valve have to
close against? How much actuator close-off
force is required?
• Single-seated valves provide tight shut-off,

while double seated valves do not.
• Double seated valves are acceptable for use in

pressure bypass or in-line throttling
applications.
• The design and flow capacity of a valve
determine who much actuator force is required
for a given close-off.
• Therefore, the valve must first be sized, then,

the valve and actuator selected to provide the
required close-off.
• What type of medium is being controlled?
What are the temperature and pressure
ranges of the medium?
• Valves must be compatible with system media

composition, maximum and minimum
temperature, and maximum pressure.
• The temperature and pressure of the medium
being controlled should not exceed the
maximum temperature and pressure ratings of
the valve.
• For applications such as chlorinated water or

brine, select valve materials to avoid corrosion.
• Lower cost and more powerful normally open
valve assemblies may be used with the close-on-
shut-down feature and allow, in the case of
pneumatic systems, the capability to provide
heating or cooling in the event of air compressor
failure.
• Converter control valves should be normally

closed and outdoor air preheat valves should be
normally open.
• What is the pressure drop across the
valve? Is the pressure drop high enough?
• The full open pressure drop across the valve

must be high enough to allow the valve to
exercise control over its portion of the
hydronic system.
• However, the full open pressure drop must
not exceed the valves rating for quiet service
and normal life.
• Closed pressure drop must not exceed valve

and actuator close-off rating.
VALVE SIZING
VALVE SIZING
• Every valve has a capacity index or flow
coefficient (Cv).
• Typically determined for the globe and ball
valves at full open and about 60 degrees open
for butterfly valves.
• Cv is the quantity of water in gpm at 60F that
flows through a valve with a pressure
differential of 1 psi.
VALVE SIZING
• Sizing a valve requires knowing the medium

(liquid or gas) and the required pressure
differential to calculate the required Cv.
VALVE SIZING
• When the required Cv is not available in a
standard valve, select the next closest and
calculate the resulting valve pressure
differential at the required flow to verify to
verify acceptable performance.
• After determination of the valve Cv,
calculation of the flow of any medium
through that valve can be found if the
characteristics of the medium and the pressure
drop across the valve are known.
Thank you for your
Attention

9-Valves Rating9

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

9-Valves Rating9

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

9-Valves Rating9

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

VALVE RATINGS

1- Flow coefficient (capacity index):

• The close-off rating is a function of actuator

3- Close-off rating of three-way valves:

• The maximum pressure difference between

• The difference in upstream and downstream

6- Body rating (nominal):

• A valve of specified body material and

7- Body rating (actual):

• The correlation between safe, permissible

8- Maximum pressure and temperature:

• Note that the maximum pressure and

• First consider the application requirements

• What is the piping arrangement and size?

• The piping arrangement indicates whether a

• In its state of rest, the valve is normally open

• This may be accomplished with either

• Single-seated valves provide tight shut-off,

• Double seated valves are acceptable for use in

• Therefore, the valve must first be sized, then,

• Valves must be compatible with system media

• For applications such as chlorinated water or

• Converter control valves should be normally

• The full open pressure drop across the valve

• Closed pressure drop must not exceed valve

• Sizing a valve requires knowing the medium

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.