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    Equilibrium: - Equilibrium Constant, K (Or K) Describes Conditions AT Equilibrium

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    yudhiprasetyo
    1. The equilibrium constant, K, describes conditions at equilibrium and relates the activities of products and reactants. 2. Activity coefficients account for how the presence of other ions in solution affects how easily ions interact. They relate the activity, or effective concentration, of an ion to its concentration. 3. Activity coefficients depend on ionic strength and can be estimated using models like the Debye-Huckel approximation, which relates the log of the activity coefficient to ionic strength. Different models are used depending on the system.

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    Equilibrium: - Equilibrium Constant, K (Or K) Describes Conditions AT Equilibrium

    Uploaded by

    yudhiprasetyo
    33 views10 pages
    1. The equilibrium constant, K, describes conditions at equilibrium and relates the activities of products and reactants. 2. Activity coefficients account for how the presence of other ions in solution affects how easily ions interact. They relate the activity, or effective concentration, of an ion to its concentration. 3. Activity coefficients depend on ionic strength and can be estimated using models like the Debye-Huckel approximation, which relates the log of the activity coefficient to ionic strength. Different models are used depending on the system.

    Original Title

    Lecture 6 - Activity

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    1. The equilibrium constant, K, describes conditions at equilibrium and relates the activities of products and reactants. 2. Activity coefficients account for how the presence of other ions in solution affects how easily ions interact. They relate the activity, or effective concentration, of an ion to its concentration. 3. Activity coefficients depend on ionic strength and can be estimated using models like the Debye-Huckel approximation, which relates the log of the activity coefficient to ionic strength. Different models are used depending on the system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views10 pages

    Equilibrium: - Equilibrium Constant, K (Or K) Describes Conditions AT Equilibrium

    Uploaded by

    yudhiprasetyo
    1. The equilibrium constant, K, describes conditions at equilibrium and relates the activities of products and reactants. 2. Activity coefficients account for how the presence of other ions in solution affects how easily ions interact. They relate the activity, or effective concentration, of an ion to its concentration. 3. Activity coefficients depend on ionic strength and can be estimated using models like the Debye-Huckel approximation, which relates the log of the activity coefficient to ionic strength. Different models are used depending on the system.

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    Equilibrium

    • Equilibrium Constant, K (or Keq) describes


    conditions AT equilibrium

     [ products ] n

    K i

     [
    i
    reactants ] n

    CaCO3(calcite) + H+  Ca2+ + HCO3-



    [Ca 2 ]1[ HCO3 ]1
    K eq 
    [H  ]1
    Activity
    • Sometimes called ‘effective concentration’,
    which is misleading and reflects a poor
    understanding of the property…

    • Think of more of the effect the rest of a


    solution has on how easily two ions come
    together..
    Activity
    • For solids or liquid solutions:
    ai=Xii

    Xi=mole fraction of component i


    • For gases: Pi = partial pressure of component i
    mi = molal concentration of component i
    ai=Pii = fi

    • For aqueous solutions:


    ai=mii
    Activity Coefficients
    • Where do they come from??
    • The standard state for dissolved ions is
    actually an infinitely dilute solution…
    • Activity of phases - gases, minerals, and bulk
    liquids (H2O) are usually pretty close to 1 in
    waters
    • Dissolved molecules/ ions have activity
    coefficients that change with concentration
    (ions are curved lines relating concentration
    and activity coefficients, molecules usually
    more linear relation)
    Application to ions in solution
    • Ions in solutions are obviously nonideal
    mixtures!
    ai = imi
    • The activity coefficient, i, is found via
    some empirical foundations

    • Dependent on the other ions in water…


    Dissolved species i
    • First must define the ionic strength (I) of the
    solution the ion is in:

    I   mi z i 2

    Where mi is the molar concentration of species i


    and zi is the charge of species I
    Activity Coefficients
    • Debye-Huckel approximation (valid for I:
    1
    2
    Az I 2
     log   1
    I  aBI 2

    • Where A and B are constants (depending


    on T, see table 10.3 in your book), and a is
    a measure of the effective diameter of the
    ion (table 10.4)
    Different ways to calculate i

    • Limiting law
    • Debye-Huckel
    • Davies
    • TJ, SIT
    models
    • Pitzer, HKW
    models
    Neutral species
    • Setchnow equation:
    • Logn=ksI
    For activity coefficient (see table 4-2 for
    selected coefficients)

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