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    Unit 26 Skill 8 Find Definitions From Structural Clues: Windy Ardianita Sari, S.Hum. M.Hum

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    Likah Zigny
    The document discusses skills for answering vocabulary questions on the TOEFL exam without necessarily knowing the word's exact meaning. It explains that structural clues like punctuation, restatement, and examples in the text can help identify a word's definition. Examples are provided of using structural clues like dashes, "such as", and "or" to determine the meanings of words in passages and answer related questions.

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    Unit 26 Skill 8 Find Definitions From Structural Clues: Windy Ardianita Sari, S.Hum. M.Hum

    Uploaded by

    Likah Zigny
    424 views17 pages
    The document discusses skills for answering vocabulary questions on the TOEFL exam without necessarily knowing the word's exact meaning. It explains that structural clues like punctuation, restatement, and examples in the text can help identify a word's definition. Examples are provided of using structural clues like dashes, "such as", and "or" to determine the meanings of words in passages and answer related questions.

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    Tips toefl

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    Reading

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    The document discusses skills for answering vocabulary questions on the TOEFL exam without necessarily knowing the word's exact meaning. It explains that structural clues like punctuation, restatement, and examples in the text can help identify a word's definition. Examples are provided of using structural clues like dashes, "such as", and "or" to determine the meanings of words in passages and answer related questions.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    424 views17 pages

    Unit 26 Skill 8 Find Definitions From Structural Clues: Windy Ardianita Sari, S.Hum. M.Hum

    Uploaded by

    Likah Zigny
    The document discusses skills for answering vocabulary questions on the TOEFL exam without necessarily knowing the word's exact meaning. It explains that structural clues like punctuation, restatement, and examples in the text can help identify a word's definition. Examples are provided of using structural clues like dashes, "such as", and "or" to determine the meanings of words in passages and answer related questions.

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    UNIT 26 SKILL 8

    FIND DEFINITIONS FROM

    STRUCTURAL CLUES

    Windy Ardianita Sari, S.Hum. M.Hum.


    Vocabulary Questions
    In Reading Comprehension section of the TOEFL test, there
    will be a number of vocabulary questions. To answer this type of
    question, it is of course helpful if you know the meaning of the word
    that the TOEFL test is testing.
    However, it is not always necessary for you to know the
    meaning of the word; often there are skills that you can use to help
    you find the correct answer to the question:
    Cont’d
    Finding definitions from structural clues
    Determining meanings from word parts
    Using context clues to determine meanings
    STRUCTURAL CLUES
    How to Identify the Question

    What is…?
    What is the meaning of….?
    What is true about…?
    Types of Clues

    Punctuation: comma, parentheses, dashes


    Restatement: or, that, is, in, other, i.e.
    Example: such as, for example, for instance, e.g.
    Where to find the answer

    Information to help determinate what something means will generally


    be found after the punctuation clue, the restatement clue, or the
    example clue.
    How to answer the question

    Read the part of the


    Find word in the passage after the Eliminate any
    passage structural clue definitely wrong
    carefully answer from the
    Locate any
    remaining choices
    structural
    clues
    When you are asked to determine the meaning of a word
    in the Reading Comprehension section of the TOEFL
    test, it is possible:

    1 2
    That the passage provides That there are structural clues to
    information about the meaning tell you tat the definition of a
    of the word word is included in the passage
    EXAMPLE
    Discussion No. 1

    To answer the first question, you should look at the part of the
    passage following the word behaviorism. The dash punctuation (—)
    indicates that a definition or further information about behaviorism
    is going to follow. In the information following the dash, you should
    see that the behaviorist is interested in behavior, which is observable,
    so the best answer to this question is answer C.
    Discussion No. 2

    To answer the second question, you should look at the part of the
    passage following the expression positive reinforcements. The
    expression such as indicates that examples of positive reinforcement
    are going to follow. Your job is to look at the examples of positive
    reinforcement and draw a conclusion about what positive
    reinforcement might be. Since praise, food, and money might be given
    in return for a job well done, then positive reinforcement must be a
    reward. The best answer to this question is therefore B.
    Discussion No. 3

    To answer the third question, you should look at the part of the
    passage following the expression negative reinforcement. The word or
    following negative reinforcement tells you that the idea is going to be
    restated in different words. You can see in the passage that another
    word for negative reinforcement is punishment, so answer D is the best
    answer to this question.
    Now, do the TOEFL
    Exercise on page 146-
    147 properly by
    yourself.

    Answer key will be uploaded later 


    THANKS!
    Any questions?
    You can find me at:
    ardianitawindy@gmail.com

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