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    Human Skin Grade 6

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    Irene Anastasia
    The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and provides protection against water loss and damage. It has four sublayers - the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains connective tissue, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, nerves, and blood vessels. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, stores fat and anchors the skin to underlying muscles and bones. The skin acts as a protective barrier and aids in temperature regulation and production of vitamin D.

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    Human Skin Grade 6

    Uploaded by

    Irene Anastasia
    100 views15 pages
    The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and provides protection against water loss and damage. It has four sublayers - the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains connective tissue, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, nerves, and blood vessels. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, stores fat and anchors the skin to underlying muscles and bones. The skin acts as a protective barrier and aids in temperature regulation and production of vitamin D.

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    HUMAN SKIN

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    The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and provides protection against water loss and damage. It has four sublayers - the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains connective tissue, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, nerves, and blood vessels. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, stores fat and anchors the skin to underlying muscles and bones. The skin acts as a protective barrier and aids in temperature regulation and production of vitamin D.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    100 views15 pages

    Human Skin Grade 6

    Uploaded by

    Irene Anastasia
    The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and provides protection against water loss and damage. It has four sublayers - the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains connective tissue, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, nerves, and blood vessels. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, stores fat and anchors the skin to underlying muscles and bones. The skin acts as a protective barrier and aids in temperature regulation and production of vitamin D.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    HUMAN SKIN

    Grade 6
    The skin is the exterior covering of
    the body. It weighs more than 6
    pounds in the average adult, and
    covers more than 3,000 square
    inches. It is the largest organ of
    the body. It is supplied with blood
    vessels and nerves.
    General Information
    ► Skin has 2 layers
    ► Epidermis - outer layer
    ► Dermis – inner layer
    ► Sweat glands excrete
    sweat through pores.
    ► Sweat is made up of
    urea, salts, and water.
    ► Body’s first line of
    defense!
    ► Largest organ of the
    body.
    Skin has three layers:
    •The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin,
    provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin
    tone.

    •The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains


    tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat
    glands.

    •The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is


    made of fat and connective tissue.
    Skin Structure
    Summary of layers from deepest to
    most superficial:

     Stratum basale - single row of


    cells attached to dermis;
    youngest cells
     Stratum spinosum - single row
    of cells attached to dermis;
    youngest cells
     Stratum granulosum - layers of
    flattened keratinocytes
    producing keratin (hair and
    nails)
     Stratum lucidum - only on palms
    and soles
     Stratum corneum - cells dead,
    many thick layers
    The skin has two layers… the
    epidermis and the dermis.
    The epidermis has 4 străta…

    Stratum corneum
    The stratum corneum
    (STRĂT um KOR nee um) is
    the outermost strata of
    the epidermis. It is
    mostly dead cells, filled
    with a protein substance
    called keratin. It is
    thicker on the soles of
    the feet than on the
    eyelids…where there is
    less pressure.
    The stratum lucidum
    (LOO seh dum) is a

    Stratum lucidum
    translucent layer
    lying directly
    beneath the
    corneum. It may not
    even exist in thinner
    skin. Cells in this
    layer are also dead
    or are in the process
    of dying.
    The stratum granulosum
    (grăn yū LŌ sum) is one

    Stratum granulosum
    or more layers of cells
    starting to die and
    become hard. They are
    in the process of
    keratinization…
    (kare ah tin ī ZĀ shun)
    becoming fibrous protein
    similar to that in hair and
    nails.
    The stratum germinativum
    (jer mah nah TĪV um)
    is composed of several
    layers of living cells
    capable of cell division. It
    is the innermost layer of

    Stratum germinativum
    the epidermis, and
    contains melanin… the
    pigment that gives color to
    the skin. The more
    abundant the melanin…
    the darker the skin color.
    Damage to this layer, such
    as in severe burns,
    requires skin grafts.
    The dermis is
    beneath the
    epidermis and
    is composed
    of connective
    tissue.

    It contains the lymphatics, nerves, nerve endings,


    blood vessels, sebaceous and sweat glands,
    elastic fibers, and hair follicles.
    Dermis
    ► Strong, flexible connective tissue: your “hide”
    ► Cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells,
    WBCs
    ► Fiber types: collagen, elastic, reticular
    ► Rich supply of nerves and vessels
    ► Critical role in temperature regulation
    Hypodermis
    ► “Hypodermis” (Gk) = below the skin
    ► “Subcutaneous” (Latin) = below the skin
    ► Also called “superficial fascia”
    “fascia” (Latin) =band; in anatomy: sheet of connective
    tissue
    ► Fatty tissue which stores fat and anchors
    skin (areolar tissue and adipose cells)
    ► Different patterns of accumulation
    (male/female)
    Skin Functions
    ►Protection – skin provides protection. It protects against
    invasion by bacteria and other harmful agents. It protects
    delicate cells beneath the surface from injury. Cushions and
    insulates and is waterproof. Protects from chemicals, heat
    and screens UV
    ► Thermal control - regulates body temperature
     Heat loss: sweat to cool the skin
     Heat retention: prevents blood to rush into capillary
    beds
    ►Waterproofing – contains lipids to prevent drying out
    Prevents unnecessary water loss
    ►Excretion of waste – urea and uric acid secreted in sweat
    ►Makes vitamin D – modifies cholesterol molecules in skin
    and converts it to vitamin D

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