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    Introductionto Binocular Vision: University of Gondar By: Nebiyat Feleke (BSC, MSC in Clinical Optometry)

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    henok biruk
    Binocular vision requires the coordinated use of both eyes to form a single image. It is influenced by the anatomy of the visual system, motor skills, and sensory integration. When functioning properly, it provides advantages like depth perception, a larger visual field, and a spare eye if one is injured. However, binocular vision also carries risks of problems if the visual or motor systems are not well aligned, which can cause issues like eyestrain. Understanding binocular vision is important for clinical optometry applications involving pediatric patients, vision therapy, and contact lens fittings.

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    Introductionto Binocular Vision: University of Gondar By: Nebiyat Feleke (BSC, MSC in Clinical Optometry)

    Uploaded by

    henok biruk
    58 views27 pages
    Binocular vision requires the coordinated use of both eyes to form a single image. It is influenced by the anatomy of the visual system, motor skills, and sensory integration. When functioning properly, it provides advantages like depth perception, a larger visual field, and a spare eye if one is injured. However, binocular vision also carries risks of problems if the visual or motor systems are not well aligned, which can cause issues like eyestrain. Understanding binocular vision is important for clinical optometry applications involving pediatric patients, vision therapy, and contact lens fittings.

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    Binocular vision requires the coordinated use of both eyes to form a single image. It is influenced by the anatomy of the visual system, motor skills, and sensory integration. When functioning properly, it provides advantages like depth perception, a larger visual field, and a spare eye if one is injured. However, binocular vision also carries risks of problems if the visual or motor systems are not well aligned, which can cause issues like eyestrain. Understanding binocular vision is important for clinical optometry applications involving pediatric patients, vision therapy, and contact lens fittings.

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    58 views27 pages

    Introductionto Binocular Vision: University of Gondar By: Nebiyat Feleke (BSC, MSC in Clinical Optometry)

    Uploaded by

    henok biruk
    Binocular vision requires the coordinated use of both eyes to form a single image. It is influenced by the anatomy of the visual system, motor skills, and sensory integration. When functioning properly, it provides advantages like depth perception, a larger visual field, and a spare eye if one is injured. However, binocular vision also carries risks of problems if the visual or motor systems are not well aligned, which can cause issues like eyestrain. Understanding binocular vision is important for clinical optometry applications involving pediatric patients, vision therapy, and contact lens fittings.

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    of 27

    INTRODUCTIONTO BINOCULAR VISION

    University of Gondar
    By : Nebiyat Feleke (BSc, MSc in Clinical
    Optometry)
    Outline of presentation

    Definition of binocular vision


    Factors determining Binocular vision
    Binocular vision anomalies
    pros and cons of BV
    Session objectives
    By the end of this session, students will be able to :
    • Define binocular vision
    • Identify the factors that influence development of
    BV
    • Identify the main types of BVA
    • Explain the advantages of Binocular vision
    Introduction to binocular vision

    • What is binocular vision?

    How the two eyes are used together?


    Definition….
    Binocular Single Vision

    • state of simultaneous vision

    • the coordinated use of both eyes

    • separate and slightly dissimilar images arising in


    each eye are appreciated as a single image by the
    process of fusion.
    Thus binocular vision implies fusion, the blending of sight from the two eyes to form a single percept
    Factors determining BV
    • Proper function of BSV without symptom
    depends on :
    1. Anatomy of visual apparatus
    2. Motor system
    3. Sensory system
    Factors….

    1. Anatomy of visual system


    • Embryological development of bony orbit
    • Ocular muscle

    • nervous system
    Motor System

    • The eyes must be capable of aligning themselves so


    that the retinal images of a fixated object can easily be
    placed and maintained on the foveae of the two eyes
    • Conditions that disrupt alignment of the two eyes can
    cause binocular vision anomaly
    • These may be due to disease or they may be
    malfunctions of the physiology of the motor system.
    • E.g.Convergence problem, strabismus
    3.Sensory system
     The retinal images of the two eyes must be in good
    focus and of similar shape and size.
     Sensory integration of the images formed on the retinas
    of the two eyes are combined into a single binocular
    percept
     intact sensory pathways and the neural transmission
    from the two eyes must reach the same area of the
    brain
    Sensory…
    • loss of clarity of the optical image in one or both
    eyes, image larger in one eye than the other
    (aniseikonia)
    • anomalies of the visual pathway or cortex
    • Difficulties in the coordinating of motor system can
    also be accompanied by anomalies in the sensory
    system, such as suppression, abnormal retinal
    correspondence or amblyopia.
    Binocular Single Vision can be:

    1. Normal – Binocular Single vision can be

    classified as normal when it is bifoveal and

    there is no manifest deviation.


    Types …

    2. Anomalous - when the images of the fixated object


    are projected from the fovea of one eye and an
    extrafoveal area of the other eye .
     A small manifest strabismus is therefore always
    present in anomalous Binocular vision
    Anomalous binocular vision
    anisokonia, strabismus, decomponsated phoria
    Diplopia
    Confusion
    suppression
    Amblyopia
    NBSV requires:

    1. Clear Visual Axis leading to a reasonably clear


    vision in both eyes

    2. The ability of the retino-cortical elements to


    function in association with each other to
    promote the fusion of two slightly dissimilar
    images i.e. Sensory fusion.
    NBSV requires ….

    3. The precise co-ordination of the two eyes for


    all direction of gazes, so that corresponding
    retino- cortical element are placed in a position
    to deal with two images i.e. Motor fusion.
    Advantages of a Binocular vision

    • What are the advantages of binocular vision?

    • Are two eyes better than one?


    Major benefits:
    The first and the foremost advantage of a binocular
    vision is single vision.
    Larger visual field
    Compensation for blind spot and other differences
    Stereopsis.

    -depth perception is unique to binocular vision and the


    most significant advantage gained by binocular vision.
    Monocular Visual Field: 160 deg (w) X 135 deg (h)

    Binocular Visual Field: 200 deg (w) X 135 deg (h)


    Other benefits:

     Spare eye.

    - If one eye is lost to injury or disease, we will still be able to see well
    with the other.
    • Binocular summation.

    - Greater sensitivity makes things which are smaller, dimmer,


    quicker, etc. more detectible.
    • Other enhancements to visual performance.

    - Better space perception, hand-eye coordination, more efficient


    and comfortable reading
    Disadvantages of BV

    • Are two eyes always better than one?


    • If so, would multiple eyes (such as spiders have) be
    better than two?
    • Not necessarily.

    • In fact, there are some disadvantages to binocular


    vision.
    • The neurophysiology needed to support and fuse
    the input from two eyes is more complex than if
    we just had one eye.
    • With greater complexity, there is more potential
    for problems.
    Disadvantages …
    • Binocular vision has its own unique set of problems that arise
    when part of the binocular system is not working correctly.
    • Binocular visual anomalies are frequently the cause of
    symptoms such as eyestrain, headaches or difficulty reading.
    • Many of these problems would not exist if we had only one
    eye.
    Disadvantages …
    For example, binocular stress can be caused by:
    Incorrect refractive balance

    Dissimilar images between the two eyes due to


    Anisometropia or retinal disease
    Over or under convergence
    Conflicts between accommodation and
    convergence
    Importance of Binocular Vision

    Why is the study of binocular vision important to Clinical Optometry?

    Clinical applications of this basic science include:

    • Managing patients with complaints of asthenopia, difficulty reading,


    etc.

    • Pediatric optometry

    • Vision therapy

    • Monovision and contact lenses


    Summary

    • Binocular vision is the coordination and integration of


    what is received from the two eyes separately in to a
    single binocular percept
    • The anatomical ,motor and sensory system must be
    normal for normal binocular vision to be present
    • The greatest contribution of binocular vision is stereopsis
    Thank you

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