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    Strings

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    gaurav sharma
    The document provides information about Strings in Java. It discusses that Strings are immutable sequences of characters. It outlines two ways to create Strings - using String literals with double quotes or using the new keyword. It explains that String literals are stored in a String constant pool to avoid duplicate objects. It then lists and describes various methods available in the String class, including methods to get characters, substrings, check for equality, replace characters/substrings, split strings etc. It also provides an example of an abstract class in Java and recursion with a factorial example.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Strings

    Uploaded by

    gaurav sharma
    24 views12 pages
    The document provides information about Strings in Java. It discusses that Strings are immutable sequences of characters. It outlines two ways to create Strings - using String literals with double quotes or using the new keyword. It explains that String literals are stored in a String constant pool to avoid duplicate objects. It then lists and describes various methods available in the String class, including methods to get characters, substrings, check for equality, replace characters/substrings, split strings etc. It also provides an example of an abstract class in Java and recursion with a factorial example.

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    The document provides information about Strings in Java. It discusses that Strings are immutable sequences of characters. It outlines two ways to create Strings - using String literals with double quotes or using the new keyword. It explains that String literals are stored in a String constant pool to avoid duplicate objects. It then lists and describes various methods available in the String class, including methods to get characters, substrings, check for equality, replace characters/substrings, split strings etc. It also provides an example of an abstract class in Java and recursion with a factorial example.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views12 pages

    Strings

    Uploaded by

    gaurav sharma
    The document provides information about Strings in Java. It discusses that Strings are immutable sequences of characters. It outlines two ways to create Strings - using String literals with double quotes or using the new keyword. It explains that String literals are stored in a String constant pool to avoid duplicate objects. It then lists and describes various methods available in the String class, including methods to get characters, substrings, check for equality, replace characters/substrings, split strings etc. It also provides an example of an abstract class in Java and recursion with a factorial example.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Strings in Java

    Java String
    • String is a sequence of characters.
    • In java, objects of String are immutable which
    means a constant and cannot be changed
    once created.
    • There are two ways to create string in Java:
    String s = “GLA University”; //String literal
    String s = new String (“GLA University”);
    // Using new keyword
    String Literal
    • Java String literal is created by using double quotes.   
    • String objects are stored in a special memory area
    known as string constant pool.
    • Each time you create a string literal, the JVM checks
    the string constant pool first.
    • If the string already exists in the pool, a reference to
    the pooled instance is returned.
    • If string doesn't exist in the pool, a new string
    instance is created and placed in the pool.
    String Constant Pool
    String s1="Welcome";  
    String s2="Welcome";   

    Here, a new instance will


    not be created for s2 as
    the same literal is
    available in the pool.
    Hence, s2 will also refer
    to the same instance in
    the pool.
    Declaring String using new keyword

    String s=new String("Welcome");
    • The above code creates two objects and one
    reference variable.
    • In such case, JVM will create a new string object
    in normal(non pool) heap memory and the literal
    "Welcome" will be placed in the string constant
    pool.
    • The variable s will refer to the object in heap(non
    pool).
    Methods defined in String class
    No. Method Description

    returns char value for


    1 charAt(int index)
    the particular index
    2 length() returns string length
    returns substring for
    3 substring(int beginIndex)
    given begin index
    returns substring for
    4 substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) given begin index and
    end index
    returns true or false
    after matching the
    5 contains(CharSequence s)
    sequence of char
    value
    Methods defined in String class
    No. Method Description

    checks the equality of


    6 equals(Object another)
    string with object
    checks if string is
    7 isEmpty()
    empty
    concatenates specified
    8 concat(String str)
    string
    replaces all
    9 replace(char old, char new) occurrences of
    specified char value
    replaces all
    replace(CharSequence old, occurrences of
    10
    CharSequence new) specified
    CharSequence
    Methods defined in String class
    No. Method Description

    returns splitted string


    11 String[] split(String regex)
    matching regex
    returns splitted string
    12 String[] split(String regex, int limit) matching regex and
    limit
    returns specified char
    13 int indexOf(int ch)
    value index
    returns specified char
    14 int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) value index starting
    with given index
    returns specified
    15 int indexOf(String substring)
    substring index
    Methods defined in String class
    No. Method Description

    returns specified substring


    int indexOf(String substring, int
    16 index starting with given
    fromIndex)
    index
    17 String toLowerCase() returns string in lowercase.
    18 String toUpperCase() returns string in uppercase.
    Returns last index of a
    19 int lastindexOf(int ch)
    character in the string
    int out =
    s1.compareTo(s2); 
    If : out < 0 // s1 comes
     int compareTo(String
    20 before s2
    anotherStr)
    out = 0 // s1 and s2 are
    equal.
    out >0 // s1 comes after s2.
    Abstract class in Java

    A class which is declared as abstract is known as an abstract


    class. It can have abstract and non-abstract methods. It needs
    to be extended and its method implemented. It cannot be
    instantiated.

    Points to Remember

    •An abstract class must be declared with an abstract keyword.


    •It can have abstract and non-abstract methods.
    •It cannot be instantiated.
    •It can have constructors and static methods also.
    •It can have final methods which will force the subclass not to
    change the body of the method.
    abstract class Bike{  
      abstract void run();  
    }  
    class Honda4 extends Bike{  
    void run(){System.out.println("running safely");}  
    public static void main(String args[]){  
     Bike obj = new Honda4();  
     obj.run();  
    }  
    }  
    Java Recursion Example 

    public class RecursionExample3 {  
        static int factorial(int n){      
              if (n == 1)      
                return 1;      
              else      
                return(n * factorial(n-1));      
        }      
      
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
    System.out.println("Factorial of 5 is: "+factorial(5));  
    }  
    }  

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