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Ratio and Proportion: Business Mathematics Week 4

This document defines and provides examples of ratios, proportions, and the different types of proportions. It explains that a ratio is the relationship between two numbers or magnitudes of the same kind. It also defines the three types of proportions: direct proportion, inverse/indirect proportion, and partitive proportion. Examples are provided to illustrate how to set up and solve problems involving ratios and the different proportion types.

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May Manongsong
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1K views20 pages

Ratio and Proportion: Business Mathematics Week 4

This document defines and provides examples of ratios, proportions, and the different types of proportions. It explains that a ratio is the relationship between two numbers or magnitudes of the same kind. It also defines the three types of proportions: direct proportion, inverse/indirect proportion, and partitive proportion. Examples are provided to illustrate how to set up and solve problems involving ratios and the different proportion types.

Uploaded by

May Manongsong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RATIO AND

PROPORTION
Business Mathe matics Week 4
• is the relation between two
numbers or two magnitudes
of the same kind.
Ratio  

• The expression 1:2 (read 1 is


to two), means 12.
EXAMPLE:

if we say that there are twice


as many married employees as
single employees, we mean
that the ratio of married to
Ratio
single employees is 2:1, where
2 represents married
employees and 1 represents
single employees.
1. Division

If there are 20 boys and 30 girls, we


find the ratio by dividing 20 boys by
Ways of 30 girls and reduce it to lowest
terms, that is,
finding the  
or 2:3
ratio:
2. Comparing numerators of fractions
with the same denominator

Ways of If we have a total of 100 T-shirts of 30


small sized, 50 medium-sized, and 20
large-sized T-shirts, we have
finding the  

ratio:
Example: Albert and
William are
Albert:William
candidates. Albert
2500:3000 = 25:30 = 5:6
received 2,500 votes
while William ( 25 and 30 are divisible by 5 in
received 3,000 votes. order to arrive at 5:6 correct
What is the ratio of ratio)
Albert’s vote against
William?
6 + 5 = 11(the denominator)

 
To check:
A= =
B=
Example: A, B, C,
and D divided a pie in C=  
such a way that A D= =
got ; B got ; C got ;
 
  D got . Find the
and A:B:C:D= 2: 3: 1: 4
ratio in which the
four divided the pie.
*we use the numerators of similar
fractions to get the ratio.
Proportion refers to the equality
between ratios.
a. 1 : 2 = 8 : 16
The following
means
are
extremes
Proportions:
b.
 
a. 1 : 2 = 8 : 16
Our rule in
proportion is that 2 x 8 = 16
“the product of
1 x 16 = 16
the means equals  

the product of the b.


extremes.” 9 x 27 = 243
3 x 81 = 243
1. Direct Proportion – a number is
directly proportionate to another when
as one value increases, so does the
other.
Three types of 2. Indirect/Inverse Proportion – a
proportion number is indirectly proportionate to
another when as one value increases,
the other value decreases.
3. Partitive Proportion – involves
identifying parts of a whole based on a
given ratio of these parts.
Two values of x and y are directly
proportional to each other when x
and y will either increase or
Direct decrease together.

Proportion
when one increases, the other
increases or when one decreases,
the other decreases as well.
Example: If three notebooks cost P15.00,
how many notebooks can you buy with
P60.00. The number of notebooks is
directly proportional to the cost.

Direct
Solution:
Proportion 3:15 = x:60
15x = 3 x 60
15x = 180
15 15
x = 12
Two values of x and y are inversely
Indirect/
proportional to each other such that
Inverse if x increases, y decreases or if x
decreases y increases.
Proportion
Example: In a T-shirt design
factory, 5 employees can finish
designing 20 T-shirts in one hour.
How long will it take 10 people to
make 20 designs?
Indirect/
Solution:
Inverse 5 employees = x(hour to finish)
10 employees 1 hour to finish
Proportion 5 x 1 = 10x
5 = 10x
10 = 10
x = 1/2
Partitive a whole divided into
Proportion parts.
Example: A partnership agreement
stipulates an agreed capitalization of
P100,000.00 and the partners are to divide
the said capitalization in the ratio of 1:2:2,
assuming the partners are X, Y, and Z,
Partitive respectively, the capital contributions are:

Proportion Solution:
X = 1/5
Y = 2/5
Z = 2/5
Example: A partnership agreement
stipulates an agreed capitalization of
P100,000.00 and the partners are to divide
the said capitalization in the ratio of 1:2:2,
assuming the partners are X, Y, and Z,
Partitive respectively, the capital contributions are:

Proportion Solution:
X = 1/5 x 100,000 = 20,000
Y = 2/5 x 100,000 = 40,000
Z = 2/5 x 100,000 = 40,000

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