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Lesson 01-Limits of Functions

The document defines limits of functions and related concepts: 1) It defines limits and uses examples to illustrate limits and theorems for calculating limits algebraically, such as the limit of a sum being the sum of the limits. 2) One-sided limits and infinite limits are introduced. Infinite limits occur when the function approaches positive or negative infinity as x approaches a number. 3) Vertical and horizontal asymptotes are defined. A vertical asymptote occurs when the limit of the function does not exist as x approaches a number from the left or right. A horizontal asymptote occurs when the limit of the function is a constant as x approaches positive or negative infinity.

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AXELLE NICOLE GOMEZ
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34 views

Lesson 01-Limits of Functions

The document defines limits of functions and related concepts: 1) It defines limits and uses examples to illustrate limits and theorems for calculating limits algebraically, such as the limit of a sum being the sum of the limits. 2) One-sided limits and infinite limits are introduced. Infinite limits occur when the function approaches positive or negative infinity as x approaches a number. 3) Vertical and horizontal asymptotes are defined. A vertical asymptote occurs when the limit of the function does not exist as x approaches a number from the left or right. A horizontal asymptote occurs when the limit of the function is a constant as x approaches positive or negative infinity.

Uploaded by

AXELLE NICOLE GOMEZ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1

Limits of Functions
OBJECTIVES:

• to define limits
• to illustrate limits and its theorems

 
DEFINITION: Limits
 
y

y  x2  x  1
f(x)

f(x)

x
O
2

x 1.9 1.95 1.99 1.995 1.999 2 2.001 2.005 2.01 2.05 2.1
f(x) 2.71 2.852 2.97 2.985 2.997 3.003 3.015 3.031 3.152 3.31

left side right side


This leads us to the general idea.

 
EXAMPLE:

 
.99 .999 .9999 .99999 1 1.00001 1.0001 1.001 1.01
1.9949 1.9995 1.99995 1.999995 2.000005 2.00005 2.0005 2.004915
THEOREMS ON LIMITS

Our strategy for finding limits algebraically has two


parts:

• First, we will obtain the limits of some simpler function


• Then we will develop a list of theorems that will enable
us to use the limits of simple functions as building
blocks for finding limits of more complicated
functions.
 
 
The following theorem will be our basic tool for finding limits
algebraically:

Theorem 1.2.2 (p. 81)


This theorem can be stated informally as follows:

a) The limit of a sum is the sum of the limits.


b) The limit of a difference is the difference of the
limits.
c) The limits of a product is the product of the limits.
d) The limits of a quotient is the quotient of the limits,
provided the limit of the denominator is not zero.
e) The limit of the nth root is the nth root of the limit.

• A constant factor can be moved through a limit symbol.


DEFINITION: One-Sided Limits
 
 

1 

 -1
This leads to the general idea of a one-sided
limit

1.1.2 (p. 72)


1.1.3 (p. 73)
DEFINITION: INFINITE LIMITS
 
Figure 1.1.15 (p. 74)
 

 
Figure 1.1.15 (p. 74)
Figure below, illustrates graphically the limits for rational functions
of the form 1 , 1 ,  1 .
 x  a  x  a 2
 x  a 2

Figure 1.2.2 (p. 84)


 

R( x)
If f ( x) 
Q( x)
DEFINITION: LIMITS AT INFINITY

 
x

   
In general, we will use the following notation.

1.3.1 (p. 89)


 

Figure 1.3.2 (p. 89)


EXAMPL
 
E:

Figure 1.3.4 (p. 90)


VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
ASYMPTOTES
DEFINITION: Vertical
Asymptote
 
 

0 0

x=a x=a
lim f ( x )  
xa

   
 

0 0

x=a x=a
lim f ( x )  
xa

   
DEFINITION: Horizontal
Asymptote

 
 

y=b

0 y=b

lim f ( x)  b   lim f ( x)  b
x   x  

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