Safety is a primary consideration in robotics. Key aspects include understanding safety standards, recognizing hazards, and implementing safeguards like sensors, barriers, and training. Proper safety engineering aims to eliminate hazards through design while establishing procedures, warnings, and personal protective equipment to prevent accidents and protect workers.
Safety is a primary consideration in robotics. Key aspects include understanding safety standards, recognizing hazards, and implementing safeguards like sensors, barriers, and training. Proper safety engineering aims to eliminate hazards through design while establishing procedures, warnings, and personal protective equipment to prevent accidents and protect workers.
Safety is a primary consideration in robotics. Key aspects include understanding safety standards, recognizing hazards, and implementing safeguards like sensors, barriers, and training. Proper safety engineering aims to eliminate hazards through design while establishing procedures, warnings, and personal protective equipment to prevent accidents and protect workers.
Safety is a primary consideration in robotics. Key aspects include understanding safety standards, recognizing hazards, and implementing safeguards like sensors, barriers, and training. Proper safety engineering aims to eliminate hazards through design while establishing procedures, warnings, and personal protective equipment to prevent accidents and protect workers.
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safety considerations
SAFETY consideration Objectives: – Be acquainted with robotic safety. – Understand safety standard. – Recognize safety reliability. – Be familiar with human factor issues. – Be aware of safety sensors and monitoring. – Realize safeguarding. – Apprehend safety guidelines. – Understand definitions.
Safety: method and technique used for avoiding accidents.
Includes the usual considerations of man, machine and workstations, environment,
and the interface behavior, but it must also consider software. ROBOTS Vs CONVENTIONAL MACHINERY Three major differences between robots and conventional machinery can be identified that are concern of safety personnel. – Speed of movement. – Predictability of movement. – Hazard zones.
In conventional machinery hazard zones may be difficult to recognize, but are fixed with time.
Also the main difference between conventional machinery and robot is that a robot can be : – Programmed to do different jobs. – React to changes in the process, even making decisions from a limited number of choices.
Safety engineering should be applied to robot safety, particularly in the human factors aspects and systems safety approaches.
Robot safety must include the usual considerations of man, machine and workstations, environment, and the interface behavior, but it must also consider software CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS Engineering deficiency Lack of proper procedures Inadequate programming
Emergency stop switches must appear on the control panel and
also be added to the pendant used in the teach mode where the operator or programmer may be moving in the robot’s work envelope.
Comprehensive instruction and operation procedures must also be
incorporated through training programs. Laws of Robotics Asimov proposed three “Laws of Robotics”
Law 0: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm
Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this world violate a higher order law.
Law 2: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law
Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law SAFETY STANDARDS Safety is an important consideration in installing, programming, operating, and maintaining robot systems.
Safety can also be considered as a judgment of the acceptability of danger, where danger is the combination of hazard and risk.
Hazard is defined as injury producer, and risk is defined as the probability that an injury will occur.
The causes of employee injury in robotic environment includes:
– Parts of the body being caught. – Being struck by a part or robot gripper. – Falling from the equipment or structure. – Slipping or tripping on walking or working surfaces. – Exposure to dangerous levels of heat or electricity – Excessive physical strain SAFETY STANDARDS SAFETY STANDARDS ARE VERY IMPORTANT IN THE WORKPLACE. ALL THE PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS HAVE DEFINED THE FOLLOWING PRIORITIES FOR ELIMINATING HAZARDS.
– ELIMINATE THE HAZARD THROUGH THE MACHINE DESIGN STAGE.
– APPLY SAFEGUARDING TECHNOLOGY. – USE WARNING SIGNS AND LABELS. – TRAIN AND INSTRUCT THE WORKER, PROGRAMMER, AND MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL. – PRESCRIBE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND DEVICES. HUMAN FACTOR ISSUES Human factor(ergonomics) issues or engineering is the study of the human-machine interaction and is defined as an applied science that coordinates the design of devices, systems and physical working conditions with the capacities and requirements of the worker.
A machine or robot system designed with poor ergonomics will be uncomfortable and tiring to use, may even be dangerous.
Besides the size of a robot’s work envelope, its speed, its proximity to humans, and interaction with other machinery, many other factors should be considered and investigated such as: – The layout of control panels. – Teach-pendant accuracy. – Personnel training – Barrier guards. – Safety devices. – Interlocks. – Warnings
In addition human factor issues should include evaluation of a robot workstations when an operator enters the workstations for maintenance, programming, and the like. LEVELS OF ROBOT SAFETY The national bureau of standards defines three levels of safety sensor systems in robots. – Level 1 --- perimeter penetration detection. – Level 2 --- intruder detection inside the workcell – Level 3 --- intruder detection in the immediate vicinity of the robot.
Level 1 systems are intended to detect that an intruder has crossed the perimeter boundary of the workcell without regard to the location of the robot.
Level 2 systems are designed to detect the presence of an intruder in the region between the workcell boundary and the limit of the robot work volume.
Level 3 systems provide intruder detection inside the work volume of the robot. SAFEGUARDING Most industrail accidents occur are the results of unsafe acts by the worker. Uch acts can occur due to: – Improperly trained operators. – Careless programmers activating the wrong controls. – Component failure or other unsafe conditions in the plant.
Major concern in safety of all personnel involved with industrial robots is very important. According to the national safety council(1991) the principal hazards associated with robots are as follows: – Being struck by a moving robot while inside the work envelope. – Being trapped between a moving part of a robot and another machine, object, or surface. – Being struck by a work piece, tool, or other object dropped or ejected by a robot. ROBOT SAFEGUARD – To erect a physical barrier around the entire perimeter of a robot’s work envelope. – A guard containing a sensing device that automatically shuts down the robot if any person or object enters its work envelope can be effective. – To put sensitized doors or gates in the perimeter barrier that automatically shut down the robot’s movement when they are opened. There are ways to minimize the potential of these errors: 1. Safety training 2. Dependable machine design 3. High-reliability controls 4. Proper layout work area. 5. Safe position and clear visibility for programming. 6. Establishing proper maintenance procedures. 7. Adequate installation performed in the presence of safety personnel. 8. Obeying safety rules and regulations of authoritative organizations. SUMMARY Safety is an important component in industrial automation.
Robot safety depends on the size of the robot’s work envelope, its speed, and its proximity to humans.
Safety sensors and monitoring provide the capability of the workcell controller and its sensors to monitor the operation during unsafe conditions in the cell.
Safeguarding is the prevention of injury or accident in the workplace.
Training is a major factor in the successful implementation of any advanced
technology in a company or operation.
Safety guidelines have been developed by researchers pertaining to safety issues in
robots to reduce or eliminate accidents in a production environment
