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1b. Measurement Terminology

The document discusses multiphase flow metering, including terminology used, different flow regimes, challenges in measuring multiple phases simultaneously, and advantages of the Flowatch multiphase meter which uses non-radioactive sources and requires low maintenance.

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57 views24 pages

1b. Measurement Terminology

The document discusses multiphase flow metering, including terminology used, different flow regimes, challenges in measuring multiple phases simultaneously, and advantages of the Flowatch multiphase meter which uses non-radioactive sources and requires low maintenance.

Uploaded by

edwin_triana_9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flowatch Multiphase Meter

Hassi Massoud, Algeria


28 January 2009

by:

Alejandro Vera, Pietro Fiorentini


Multiphase Metering
Multiphase metering

• Continuous measurement of the volume/mass flow


rates of oil, water and gas through a pipe without prior
separation of the phases.

Flow

Oil Flow Rate

Water Flow Rate

Gas Flow Rate


Terminology

• Oil-continuos flow
• Water-continuos flow
• Water Cut
• Gas Volume Fraction
• Actual conditions
• Standard conditions
• GOR / GLR / CGR
• PVT
Oil-continuous flow:

• Water droplets distributed in the oil phase - the liquid is


oil-continuous and electrically insulating

Water droplets

Oil phase

Gas phase
Water-continuous flow:

• Oil droplets distributed in the water phase - the liquid is


water-continuous and electrically conducting

Oil droplets

Water phase

Gas
Gas phase
phase
Water Cut:

• The percentage of water in the liquid phase

Water Flow Rate


Water Cut 
Water Flow Rate  Oil Flow Rate
Gas Volume Fraction (GVF):

• The percentage of gas in the pipeline

Gas Flow Rate


Gas Volume Fraction 
Gas Flow Rate  Water Flow Rate  Oil Flow Rate

The flow rates above are all at operating conditions.


Actual Conditions and Standard Conditions
Multiphase
Meter

Standard or
Stock tank conditions

Actual or operating
conditions

From
Well
Actual Conditions

Actual conditions:
Volume flow rates of oil, water and gas at operating pressure and temperature
are referred to as flow rates at actual conditions.

Operating pressure:
Pressure measured inside the multiphase meter.

Operating temperature:
Flow Temperature inside the multiphase meter or meter skid.
Standard Conditions

Standard conditions:
Atmospheric pressure and standard temperature.

Standard temperature:
0ºC, 15ºC, 60ºF or 20ºC
Conversion from actual to standard conditions

GAS Volumetric flow rates are different at


actual and standard conditions.
GAS
•Gas expansion
Oil
Oil
•Flashing
•Thermal expansion
•Pressure compression
Water Water

Act. cond. Std. cond.


Water Cut:
There is a difference between Water Cut and Water Liquid Ratio:

Water Cut is what you see at atmospheric pressure i.e corresponds to


shake out samples, BS&W,..
Water Flow Rate
Water Cut 
Water Flow Rate  Oil Flow Rate @std.cond.

Water Liquid Ratio (WLR) is at actual conditions.

Water Flow Rate


WLR 
Water Flow Rate  Oil Flow Rate @actual cond.
Gas Oil Ratio (GOR):

• Gas Flow Rate at std. cond. divided by the oil flow rate at
stock tank cond.

Gas Flow Rate at std .cond .


GOR 
Oil Flow Rate at std .cond .
Gas Liquid Ratio (GLR):

• Gas Flow Rate at std. cond. divided by the liquid flow rate
at stock tank cond.

Gas Flow Rate at std .cond .


GLR 
Liquid Flow Rate at std .cond .
Condensate to Gas Ratio (CGR):
• Condensate at std. cond. divided by the gas flow rate at
stock tank cond.

Condensate Flow Rate at std .cond .


CGR 
Gas Flow Rate at std .cond .
PVT

The set of parameters used to convert the flow rates from act. cond. to std.
cond.

Flow

Oil Flow Rate Oil Flow Rate

Water Flow Rate PVT Water Flow Rate

Gas Flow Rate Gas Flow Rate

Actual cond. Std. cond.


Challenges

Multiphase Single phase

Gas Meter

Flowatch
Separator

Oil Meter

Water Meter
Challenges

There are challenges when moving from single phase measurements to


multiphase measurements

•Complex Flow regimes


•Bubble, churn, slug and annular flow

•Three “unknowns”
•Oil, water and gas to be measured at the same time
Agar
Roxar
TopFlow/Flowatch

Schlumberger
Agar
Roxar

TopFlow/Flowatch
Schlumberger
Flowatch Selling points

• No radioactive sources !

 Easy HSE issues


 Easy transportation across borders
 Low bureaucracy
Flowatch Non-Radioactive Meter
Flowatch Selling points

• Low maintenance !
 Negligible compared to separators
 Lower than other multiphase meters

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