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    Carl Rogers (1902-1987) : Humanistic-Existential Paradigm Self Theory

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    Rhaine Esteban
    Carl Rogers was an influential American psychologist who developed humanistic psychology and psychotherapy. Some key aspects of his theory include: the innate drive for self-actualization; the importance of congruence between one's real self and self-concept; and the six conditions necessary for personality change, including unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding from the therapist. His client-centered approach aims to facilitate congruence and personal growth through nondirective counseling.

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    Carl Rogers (1902-1987) : Humanistic-Existential Paradigm Self Theory

    Uploaded by

    Rhaine Esteban
    37 views22 pages
    Carl Rogers was an influential American psychologist who developed humanistic psychology and psychotherapy. Some key aspects of his theory include: the innate drive for self-actualization; the importance of congruence between one's real self and self-concept; and the six conditions necessary for personality change, including unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding from the therapist. His client-centered approach aims to facilitate congruence and personal growth through nondirective counseling.

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    Rogers

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    Carl Rogers was an influential American psychologist who developed humanistic psychology and psychotherapy. Some key aspects of his theory include: the innate drive for self-actualization; the importance of congruence between one's real self and self-concept; and the six conditions necessary for personality change, including unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding from the therapist. His client-centered approach aims to facilitate congruence and personal growth through nondirective counseling.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    37 views22 pages

    Carl Rogers (1902-1987) : Humanistic-Existential Paradigm Self Theory

    Uploaded by

    Rhaine Esteban
    Carl Rogers was an influential American psychologist who developed humanistic psychology and psychotherapy. Some key aspects of his theory include: the innate drive for self-actualization; the importance of congruence between one's real self and self-concept; and the six conditions necessary for personality change, including unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding from the therapist. His client-centered approach aims to facilitate congruence and personal growth through nondirective counseling.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

    Humanistic-Existential Paradigm
    Self Theory
    THE PAST
    HAS ITS
    CHARMS,
    BUT NOTHING
    NEW EVER
    HAPPENS
    THERE
    Me

    NOTHING IN
    THE WORLD
    IS BIGGER
    THAN A
    PEOPLE

    Except a Person
    History

    Born in 1902 in Illinois--Midwestern


    conservative religious upbringing
    Started training for the ministry but
    rejected it as too rigid, but those values
    evident in his approach
    A key advocate of humanistic
    psychology..
    Context for Theory Development

    Early, intense therapeutic practice in


    child guidance practice
    Pragmatic approach to make
    psychotherapy more effective. Practice
    based but also research efforts
    Departure from restrictions of classical
    psychological science because it
    removed important variables from
    examination..
    Rogers Self Theory
    The most innate tendency of
    humans is a drive towards self-
    actualization
    Rogers Self Theory

    The individual’s subjectively felt and


    interpreted experience is the only
    reality.
    The person’s experience of “self” is
    important in the formation of
    personality.
    The “self” develops through our
    interaction with others.
    Rogers Self Theory
    When the way we actually are and our self-
    concept, our ideal self, are the same
    (congruence) the person is self-actualized.
    When the way we actually are and our self-
    concept, our ideal self, are different the
    person experiences confusion, tension and
    maladaptive behavior (incongruence).
    We will grow up congruent if we are
    accepted, prized and loved for what we are
    (unconditional positive regard).
    Parental Characteristics which foster
    Healthy Self-structure Formulation

    Ability to accept the child’s feelings and


    strivings.

    Ability to accept our own feelings that certain


    of the child’s behaviors are undesirable.

    Communication of acceptance of the child as


    a person.

    Avoid conditions of worth


    Rogers Self Theory
    If we develop incongruence the therapist
    can facilitate congruence if six conditions
    are met.
    Incongruence

    Real Self Self-Concept

    Ideal Self
    Congruence

    Open, authentic, communication in


    which the way I present myself to the
    world matches what I think and feel at a
    deeper level. Rogers writes, "I have
    found, in my relations with persons, that
    in the long run it does not help to
    pretend to be something I am not."
    Moving Towards Congruence

    Self-Concept
    Real Self

    Ideal Self
    His Therapeutic Approach
    Nondirective," "client-centered," and "person-
    centered." are the terms Rogers used at
    different points in his career, for his method.
    This method involves removing obstacles so
    the client can move forward, freeing him or her
    for normal growth and development. It
    emphasizes being fully present with the client
    and helping the latter truly feel his or her own
    feelings, desires, etc.. Being "nondirective" lets
    the client deal with what he or she considers
    important, at his or her own pace.
    The Six Conditions Necessary for
    Personality Change

    Two persons are in psychological contact.


    The first person, the client, is in a state of
    incongruence.
    The second person, or therapist, is
    congruent.
    the therapist experiences unconditional
    positive regard for the client.
    The Six Conditions Necessary for
    Personality Change...

    The therapist experiences an emphatic


    understanding of the client’s internal
    frame of reference and endeavors to
    communicate this experience to the
    client.
    The communication to the client of the
    therapist’s empathic understanding and
    unconditional positive regard must be
    minimally achieved.
    Personal growth
    Rogers' clients tend to move away from facades,
    away from "oughts," and away from pleasing
    others as a goal in itself. Then tend to move
    toward being real, toward self-direction, and
    toward positively valuing oneself and one's own
    feelings. Then learn to prefer the excitement of
    being a process to being something fixed and
    static. They come to value an openness to inner
    and outer experiences, sensitivity-to and
    acceptance-of others as they are, and develop
    greater ability achieve close relationships.
    Characteristics of Psychological
    Health
    Primary characteristics
    – Openness to experience
    – Ability to live in an existential fashion
    – Trust in one’s own organism
    Secondary characteristics
    – Unafraid of one’s own feelings
    – Not determined
    – Creative
    Other Characteristics

    Transparency involves expressing


    your deep feelings, as your feelings
    rather than as facts about another,
    revealing yourself as a person, real
    and imperfect as You are, in your
    relationship with another.
    Other Characteristics

    Unconditional positive regard. To


    give a person your full, caring
    attention without
    judging or evaluating them. "It is a
    kind of liking which has strength, and
    which is not demanding."
    Other Characteristics

    What is most personal is most


    general. The most private,
    personal feelings are often those
    which, if shared, would speak to
    others most directly.
    Other Characteristics

    Willingness for another to be


    separate: Allowing others to
    have different beliefs, feelings,
    values, and goals than you do.

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