DAYAL BAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE

Ethical issues in Artificial Intelligence

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: (SUB GROUP – 4)

DR. NEHA SHIVHARE MA’AM KARISHMA YADAV 2001686
KAUTILYA VERMA 2001687
KAVISHA KUMARI 2001688
KAVITA SHARMA 2001689
KHUSHBOO GAUTAM 2001692
KIRAN LODHI 2001693
 ETHICS IN AI
The ethics of AI and robotics is often focused on “concerns” of various
sorts, which is a typical response to new technologies. Many such
concerns turn out to be rather quaint (trains are too fast for souls);
some are predictably wrong when they suggest that the technology
will fundamentally change humans (telephones will destroy personal
communication, writing will destroy memory, video cassettes will
make going out redundant); some are broadly correct but moderately
relevant (digital technology will destroy industries that make
photographic film, cassette tapes, or vinyl records); but some are
broadly correct and deeply relevant (cars will kill children and
fundamentally change the landscape). The task of an article such as
this is to analyse the issues and to deflate the non-issues.
 ETHICAL ISSUES

• Unemployment
• Inequality
• Humanity
• Artificial stupidity
• Racist robots
• Security
• Evil genies
• Singularity
• Robot Rights
 Unemployment. What happens after the end of jobs?

The hierarchy of labour is concerned primarily with

automation. As we’ve invented ways to automate jobs, we
could create room for people to assume more complex roles,
moving from the physical work that dominated the pre-
industrial globe to the cognitive labour that characterizes
strategic and administrative work in our globalized society.

More robots or AI machines  Less Jobs or More Unemployment

Inequality. How do we distribute the wealth created by machines?

Our economic system is based on compensation for

contribution to the economy, often assessed using an
hourly wage. The majority of companies are still
dependent on hourly work when it comes to products and
services. But by using artificial intelligence, a company can
drastically cut down on relying on the human workforce,
and this means that revenues will go to fewer people.
Consequently, individuals who have ownership in AI-driven
companies will make all the money.
 Humanity :How do machines affect our behaviour and
Interaction?
This milestone is only the start of an age where we will
frequently interact with machines as if they are humans;
whether in customer service or sales. While humans
are limited in the attention and kindness that they can
expend on another person, artificial bots can channel
virtually unlimited resources into building relationships.
Even though not many of us are aware of this, we are
already witnesses to how machines can trigger the
reward centres in the human brain. Just look at click-
bait headlines and video games. These headlines are
often optimized with A/B testing, a rudimentary form of
algorithmic optimization for content to capture our
attention. This and other methods are used to make
numerous video and mobile games become
addictive. Tech addiction is the new frontier of human
dependency.
 ]yyyyArtificial Stupidity. How can we guard against Mistakes?
Intelligence comes from learning, whether you’re human or machine.
Systems usually have a training phase in which they "learn" to detect
the right patterns and act according to their input. Once a system is
fully trained, it can then go into test phase, Uwhere it is hit with more
examples and we see how it performs.
Obviously, the training phase cannot cover all possible examples that
a system may deal with in the real world. These systems can be
fooled in ways that humans wouldn't be. For example, random dot
patterns can lead a machine to “see” things that aren’t there. If we
rely on AI to bring us into a new world of labour, security and
efficiency, we need to ensure that the machine performs as planned,
and that people can’t overpower it to use it for their own ends.
 Racist robots. How do we eliminate AI bias?

Though artificial intelligence is capable of a speed and capacity of

processing that’s far beyond that of humans, it cannot always be
trusted to be fair and neutral. Google and its parent company Alphabet
are one of the leaders when it comes to artificial intelligence, as seen
in Google’s Photos service, where AI is used to identify people,
objects and scenes. But it can go wrong, such as when a
camera missed the mark on racial sensitivity, or when a software used
to predict future criminals showed bias against black people.
We shouldn’t forget that AI systems are created by humans, who can
be biased and judgemental. Once again, if used right, or if used by
those who strive for social progress, artificial intelligence can become
a catalyst for positive change.
 Security. How do we keep AI safe from adversaries?

The more powerful a technology becomes, the more

can it be used for nefarious reasons as well as good.
This applies not only to robots produced to replace
human soldiers, or autonomous weapons, but to AI
systems that can cause damage if used maliciously.
Because these fights won't be fought on the
battleground only, cybersecurity will become even more
important. After all, we’re dealing with a system that is
faster and more capable than us by orders of
magnitude.
 Evil genies. How do we protect against unintended
consequences?
It’s not just adversaries we have to worry about. What if
artificial intelligence itself turned against us? This doesn't
mean by turning "evil" in the way a human might, or the
way AI disasters are depicted in Hollywood movies.
Rather, we can imagine an advanced AI system as a
"genie in a bottle" that can fulfil wishes, but with terrible
unforeseen consequences.
In the case of a machine, there is unlikely to be malice at
play, only a lack of understanding of the full context in
which the wish was made. Imagine an AI system that is
asked to eradicate cancer in the world. After a lot of
 Singularity. How do we stay in control of a complex
intelligent system?

The reason humans are on top of the food chain is not down to sharp
teeth or strong muscles. Human dominance is almost entirely due to our
ingenuity and intelligence. We can get the better of bigger, faster, stronger
animals because we can create and use tools to control them: both
physical tools such as cages and weapons, and cognitive tools like
training and conditioning.
This poses a serious question about artificial intelligence: will it, one day,
have the same advantage over us? We can't rely on just "pulling the plug"
either, because a sufficiently advanced machine may anticipate this move
and defend itself. This is what some call the “singularity”: the point in time
when human beings are no longer the most intelligent beings on earth.
Robot rights. How do we define the humane treatment
of AI?
While neuroscientists are still working on unlocking the secrets
of conscious experience, we understand more about the basic
mechanisms of reward and aversion. We share these
mechanisms with even simple animals. In a way, we are building
similar mechanisms of reward and aversion in systems of
artificial intelligence. For example, reinforcement learning is
similar to training a dog: improved performance is reinforced
with a virtual reward.
We should always being aware about the rights of robots as
human need rest and other facilities we should also provide all in
sense of being machine they also need rest from work.