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    The Exposition of Virtue (Sila Niddesa)

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    ashinpannajota
    The document discusses the concept of Sila (Virtue) in Buddhism. It defines Sila as voluntary abstention from harmful actions of body and speech. It describes Sila as having four characteristics - composure, restraint, upholding of wholesome states, and purity. Sila has many benefits, including good reputation, fearlessness, and rebirth in happy realms. There are various types of Sila classified based on factors like observance, level of purity, and whether it is mundane or supramundane. Maintaining Sila is essential for progress on the Buddhist path.

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    The Exposition of Virtue (Sila Niddesa)

    Uploaded by

    ashinpannajota
    444 views24 pages
    The document discusses the concept of Sila (Virtue) in Buddhism. It defines Sila as voluntary abstention from harmful actions of body and speech. It describes Sila as having four characteristics - composure, restraint, upholding of wholesome states, and purity. Sila has many benefits, including good reputation, fearlessness, and rebirth in happy realms. There are various types of Sila classified based on factors like observance, level of purity, and whether it is mundane or supramundane. Maintaining Sila is essential for progress on the Buddhist path.

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    03. The Exposition of Virtue (Sila niddesa)

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    The document discusses the concept of Sila (Virtue) in Buddhism. It defines Sila as voluntary abstention from harmful actions of body and speech. It describes Sila as having four characteristics - composure, restraint, upholding of wholesome states, and purity. Sila has many benefits, including good reputation, fearlessness, and rebirth in happy realms. There are various types of Sila classified based on factors like observance, level of purity, and whether it is mundane or supramundane. Maintaining Sila is essential for progress on the Buddhist path.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    444 views24 pages

    The Exposition of Virtue (Sila Niddesa)

    Uploaded by

    ashinpannajota
    The document discusses the concept of Sila (Virtue) in Buddhism. It defines Sila as voluntary abstention from harmful actions of body and speech. It describes Sila as having four characteristics - composure, restraint, upholding of wholesome states, and purity. Sila has many benefits, including good reputation, fearlessness, and rebirth in happy realms. There are various types of Sila classified based on factors like observance, level of purity, and whether it is mundane or supramundane. Maintaining Sila is essential for progress on the Buddhist path.

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    The key takeaways are that the text discusses the different definitions, types, characteristics and cleansing of virtue according to Buddhist philosophy.

    The text discusses different types of virtue including volition, consciousness-concomitant, restraint, non-transgression, keeping, avoiding, good behavior, beginning of purity, livelihood purification and virtue concerning requisites.

    The text states that the characteristic of virtue is composing, its function is stopping misconduct and achieving blamelessness, its manifestation is non-regret and its proximate cause is abstaining from wrong deeds.

    Sila Niddesa

    Exposition of Sila (Virtue)


    What is Sila (Virtue)?
    In what sense is it called Sila (Virtue)?
    What are its characteristic, function, manifestation, and
    proximate cause?
    What are the benefits of Sila (Virtue)?
    How many kinds of Sila (Virtue) are there?
    What is the defiling of Sila (Virtue)?
    What is the cleansing of Sila (Virtue)?
    What is Sila (Virtue)?
    The volition present in one who abstains from killing etc or in one who fulfils
    the practice of the duties etc.

    Different Names of Sila (Virtue) in Patisambhidhamagga Pali


    1. Volition (Cetana)
    2. Consciousness-concomitant (Cetasika)
    3. Restraint (Samvara)
    4. Non-transgression (Avitikkama)
    Patisambhidhamagga Pali,
    Khuddaka nikaya, p.43
    (1).Volition (Cetana sila)
    • The volition present in one who abstains from killing etc or in one who fulfils
    the practice of the duties etc.
    • The seven volitions that associate with the first seven of the ten courses of
    wholesome actions (Satta Kammapath cetana)

    (2).Consciousness-concomitant (Cetacika sila)


    • Three mental factors of abstinence (Virati): Sammavaca, Sammakamanta, and
    Sammaajiva
    • The three remaining: non-covetousness, non-ill will and right view of ten
    courses of wholesome actions
    “Abhijjham pahaya vigatabhijjhena cetasa viharati ”D.1.193
    (3).Restraint (Samvara sila)

    • Restraint by obeying the rules of the monk community (Patimokkhasamvara sila)


    • Restraint of six faculties by being mindful not to allow defilements to arise in the six
    doors (Satisamvara)
    • Restraint by knowledge to prevent defilements from arising and eradicate them
    • Using the four requisites (Catupassaya) with Knowledge to hinder the defilements
    • Restraint by patience (Khantisamvara) with the abilities to endure heat and cold etc.
    • Restraint by energy (Viriyasamvara) that is practicing an effort to drive away evil
    thoughts, sensual thoughts as soon as they arise
    • Leading a right livelihood (Ajivaparisudddhisila)
    (4).Non-transgression (Avitikkama sila)
    • The non-transgression by bodily and verbal actions that is moral precept that
    have been observed
    In what sense is it called Sila (Virtue)?
    • It is called Sila (Virtue) in the sense of composing (Silana).

    • Samadhana
    • It is keeping very well (Samadhana) that is controlling one’s bodily and verbal
    actions well without disordering.
    • Upadharana
    • It is an upholding (Upadharana), that is a state of basis (Adhara) such as Samadhi
    and Panna due to its serving as foundation for wholesome states.
    What are its characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause?

    Characteristic (Silana Lakkhanan)


    • Composing (Silana lakkhanan)
    Function (Dussilyaviddhamsana rasam, Anavajjaguna rasamva)
    • The function of stopping misconduct (Dussila) as its action (Kiccarasa) and the quality of
    blamelessness as its achievement (Sampattirasa).
    Manifestation (Soceya paccupatthanan)
    • Purity, that is bodily purity, verbal purity and mental purity. Just as we know a man by his
    appearance, we know virtue by purity –its appearance.
    Proximate cause (Hiri , ottappa padatthanan)
    • Moral shame (Hiri) and Moral dread (Ottappa)
    What are the benefits of Sila (Virtue)?

    • Obtaining much wealth as a consequence of diligence (Appamadadhikaranam mahantam bhogakkhandham


    adhigacchati)

    • Spreading good fame far and wide (Kalyano kittisaddo abbhuggacchati)

    • Entering and standing in an assembly without fear and hesitation (Visarado upasankamati amankubhuto)

    • Dying unconfused (Asammulho kalam karoti)

    • Reappearing in a happy destiny on the breakup of the body, after death (Kayassa bheda param marana
    sugatim saggam lokam upapajjati)

    Mahaparinibbana sutta, Digha nikaya


    Sila sutta, Anguttara nikaya
    Moreover, the other benefits of virtues (Sila) are described in Akankheya sutta
    of Majjhima nikaya as follows.

    “Akankheyya ce bhikkave bhikkhu sabrahmacarinam piyo ca assam manapo


    ca garu ca bhavaniyo cati silesvevassa paripurakari” ti adina…

    If a monk should wish to be enjoyed, loved, respected, honored by the


    fellows in the life of purity (Sabrahmacari), he should lead virtuous life, must be
    perfect the virtues etc.
    Saggarohana sopanam annan silasamam kuto
    Dvaram va pana nibbana, nagarassa pavesane.
    Buddhavamsa atthakatha,
    Visuddhimagga atthakatha Vol.1

    Virtue (Sila) is like a stair to climb up the heaven ( a place of happiness).


    There is no more excellent stair than Sila stair in order to gain heaven. It is
    also like a door to enter onto the city of Nibbana.
    How many kinds of Sila (Virtue) are there?

    • One kind by reason of its own characteristic of composing that is


    keeping one’s bodily and verbal actions well and upholding wholesome
    states (Silana lakkhanavasena).
    • Two kinds as
    • Keeping and avoiding (Caritta Varitta vasena);
    • Good behavior and the beginning of the life of purity (Abhisamacarika
    Adhibrahmacariyaka vasena);
    • Abstinence and non-abstinence (Virati Avirati vasena);
    • Dependent and independent (Nissita Anissita vasena);
    • Temporary and lifelong (Kalapariyanta Apanakoti vasena);
    • Limited and unlimited (Sapariyanta Apariyanta vasena);
    • Mundane and supra-mundane (Lokiya Lokuttara vasena);
    • Three kinds as
    • Inferior, medium, and superior (Hina Panita Majjhima vasena);
    • Giving precedence to self, giving precedence to the world, giving
    precedence to the Dhamma (Attadhipateyya Lokadhipateyya
    Dhammadhipateyya);
    • Adhered to, not adhered to, and tranquillized (Paramattha Aparamattha
    Patipapassaddhi vasena);
    • Purified, unpurified, and dubious (Visuddha Avisuddha Vematika vasena);
    • Trainer, non trainer and neither trainer nor non-trainer (Sekkha Asekkha
    Nevasekkha nasekkha vasena);
    • Four kinds as
    • Partaking of diminution, partaking of stagnation, partaking of distinction,
    partaking of penetration (Hanabhagiya Thitibhagiya Visesabhagiya
    Nibbedhabhagiya vasena);
    • Bhikkhu, bhikkhuni, the not fully-admitted, and laity (Bhikkhu Bhikkhuni
    Atupasampanna gahatthasila vasena);
    • Natural, customary, necessary, due to previous causes (Pakati Acara
    Dhammata Pubbahetukasila vasena);
    • Patimokka restraint, restraint of sense faculties, purification of livelihood
    and concerning requisites (Patimokkhasamvara Indriyasamva
    Ajivaparisuddhi Paccayasannissitasila vasena);
    • Five kinds as
    • Virtue consisting in limited purification,
    • Virtue consisting in unlimited purification,
    • Virtue consisting in fulfilled purification
    • Virtue consisting in un-adhered-to purification
    • Virtue consisting in tranquillized purification
    (Pariyantaparisuddhisila Apariyantaparisuddhisila Paripunnaparisuddhisila
    Aparamatthaparisuddhisila Patippassadhiparisuddhisila)
    Patisambhidamagga
    • Five kinds as
    • Abandoning,
    • Refraining
    • Volition
    • Restraint and
    • Non-transgression
    • (Pahana Veramani Cetana Samvara Avitikkama vasena)
    Keeping (Caritta sila) and avoiding (Varitta Sila)

    • Fulfilling what should be done (the training precepts) taught by the


    Buddha is Keeping (Caritta sila).
    • Abstaining what should not be done (evil actions) that is prohibited by
    the Buddha is Avoiding (Varitta Sila).

    • Keeping (Caritta sila)= Faith and energy


    • Avoiding (Varitta sila)= Faith
    • Good behavior (Abhisamacarika sila) and the beginning of the life of
    purity (Adhibrahmacariyaka sila)

    • Abhisamacarika sila
    • Noble practice that is training precepts announced by the Buddha in
    order to achieve noble path or to be good behaviour.
    • The term of virtue (sila) except Ajivatthamaka sila.
    • Adhibramacariyaka sila
    • The initial state of the life of purity consisting in the path and it has to be
    purified initially to the path.
    • In Mahasalayatanani sutta of Majjhima nikaya, it states ”his bodily
    actions, verbal action, and his livelihood have already been purified
    earlier”.
    Abhisamacarika sila
    • The training precepts that are lesser and minor.
    • Adhibramacariyaka sila
    • The rest (except the training precepts that are lesser and minor)

    Adhisamacarika sila
    • The training precepts included in Double code (Bhikkhu, Bhiihunis
    Patimokkha)
    • Adhibramacariyaka sila
    • The duties set out in the Khandhakas of Vinaya.
    Virtue of Patimokka restraint, (Patimokkhasamvara Sila)

    • Dwelling restrained with the parimokkha restrained.


    • Training oneself by undertaking the precepts of training.
    Virtue restraint of sense faculties (Indriyasamva slla)

    • Guarding the six faculties,


    • undertaking the restraint of the six faculties
    Virtue of livelihood purification (Ajivaparisuddhi sila)

    • Abstinence from wrong livelihood


    Virtue concerning requisites (Paccayasannissitasila sila)

    • Using of the four requisites that is purified by the reflection.


    • When a monk use the four requisites, he must use them reflecting
    wisely.

    • The four requisites


    • Robe
    • Alms food
    • Resting place
    • Medicine

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