DIRECT SEEDING AND TRANSPLANTING

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 MECHANICAL RICE PLANTING
Direct Seeding and Transplanting

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 Factors to Plant Establishment
and Yield

1. Quality of Seeds

2. Soil Type or Conditions

3. Water Supply

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 Plant Establishment
Systems
1. Direct Seeded 2. Transplanted
• Dry seeds • Seedlings
• Pre-germinated
seeds

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 Comparison of Methods
Particulars Direct Seeded Transplanted
2. Engine runs  Check if the fuel (Broadcast
 byfuel
Drain old hand) (Planting by hand)
irregularly is mixed with and add new
water fuel
Farm system  Check if the filter  Rainfed/upland
Wash or Irrigated/lowland
or carburettor is replace the
Suitable season clogged Dry
partsseason
as Dry & Wet season
needed
Planting preparation 0 30-40 days nursery
Seed rate 80 to 150 kgs / ha 40 to 60 kgs / ha
Soil moisture at planting No standing water Up to 5 cm water
Labor to planting 2 person / ha 20 persons / ha
Weed Control/Mngt Difficult Slight
Plant Stability High lodging potentials Low lodging potentials
Maturity 7 to 10 days early Normal

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 Broadcast
Dry or pre-germinated seeds are sown by scattering on the
wet soil surface. For dry land tillage, the seeds maybe
incorporated lightly to the soil by a spike tooth harrow.

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Broadcast
Broadcast on dry soil
on wet soil

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 Mechanical Seeders
Seeds are metered and dispersed uniformly to the soil
surface. It places seeds in straight rows which enables
farmers to use a weeder and apply fertilizer easily.

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 Drum Seeder
Parts & Functions
 Seed drums – Receptacles of the
seeds to be sown. Rotates with the
wheel axle
 Metering holes – Perforations on the
drums, where the seeds are
dispensed as the wheels rotate when
pulled.

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 Main shaft – length axle of the 2
wheels and where the seeds drums
are also attached.
 Ground wheel - Seed drums are
rotated by the motion of the ground
wheel without slippage to get a
uniform and desired seed rate.

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Drum Seeder

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The Mechanical Seeder

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 Parts of the
Mechanical Seeder

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The Mechanical Rice Transplanter

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 The Mechanical Rice Transplanter

A machine that involves planting young

rice seedlings into the puddled soil.

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 The Mechanical Rice Transplanter

The objectives of mechanizing

crop establishment activities are:

(1)To minimize the drudgery

and cost of rice transplanting;
and

(2)Increases crop productivity.

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Types of Rice Transplanter
1. Manually Operated Rice Transplanter
2. Self-Propelled Rice Transplanter
A. Walk-behind
B. Riding-type

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 Types of Rice Transplanter

Specifications (Walk-behind)
Technical Info
 Type of Machine : Engine-driven

 Field capacity : 1 - 1.5 ha/day

 Fuel : 0.5 - 0.8 liters / hr.
consumption (gasoline)
 Seedling : Mat nursery / seedling
preparation trays (10-19 days old)

 No. of operators : One (1) person –

required operator

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 Seedling : Mat nursery / seedling
preparation trays (10-19 days old)

 No. of operators : One (1) person – operator

required

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 Types of Rice Transplanter
Specifications (Riding-type)

No. of rows: 6
Dimension:
Length: 3511mm
Width: 2090mm
Height: 1860mm
Weight: 648kg
Engine:
Power (Gross): 14.5 (20) kW (PS
Revolution: 3600 rpm
Fuel: Gasoline & Diesel
Driving units: Gears HMT Continuous shift
Operating Capacity: 2-3 ha/day
Transplanting Speed: 0-1.6m/sec

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 Basic Parts and Functions
(Walk-behind)
1. Engine Transmission System

Engine

Right
Whee
l
Gear Transplanting
Engine Box Mechanism
Transmission
Pum
p (Gear Box)
Left Hydrauli
Whee c
l System

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 Basic Parts and Functions
(Walk-behind)
2. Wheels and Hydraulic Lift

Hydraulic Lift

Field Operations

Paddy Wheel
Wheel Arm
Hydraulic
Lift Travel Mode

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 Basic Parts and Functions
(Walk-behind)
3. Planting Mechanism

Slide Guide

Right
Wheel Forks
Planting Fork
Gear
Engine Box Propeller Forks

Pump

Forks
Left
Wheel

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 Basic Parts and Functions
5. Floats and Markers

Line Guide
Side & Side Markers
Center Floats

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 Hydraulic
Basic Standard Controls
clutch lever Main clutch
used to lift or
down the
lever
controls the
machine
transfer of power to
all power-needed
parts

Gear shift lever

gear settings: Reverse, Neutral Engine switch & Choke
Transplanting and Transport settings: On, Off and Lamp (lights
on)

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 Basic Standard Controls

Left and Right Steering Clutch Low

Lever High
(For turning)
Throttle
Controls engine speed

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 Planting Settings
1. Distance (between hills and rows)

Planting Gear Case

(Change gear set:
15-13-17, 14-12-16) Hill space
adjustment
(3 adjustable settings)
The hill space can be
selected from
12,14,16,18,21cm.

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 Planting Settings
2. Number of seedlings per hill

Taking
quantity
smaller or
larger

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 Planting Settings
2. Planting depth

Depth of Planting
Shallow or Deep

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 Machine Operation

1. Starting the engine

2. Travelling mode
3. Loading of seedling mats
4. Planting
5. Turning at headland

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 Field Pattern A

H START HERE H
E E
A A
D D
L L
A A
N N
E
D D
X
I
T

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 Field Pattern B
START HERE

H H
E E
A A
D D
L L
A A
N N
D D
E
X
I
T

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 Common Problems Encountered
• Too many seedlings per hill or too many missing hills
• Floating rice seedlings
• The mechanical transplanter floater push soil too much
• Soil stick to the transplanter wheels
• Distance between hills is getting too narrow
• Engine trouble shooting

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 Common Problems Encountered

• Too many seedlings per hill or too many missing hills

Common problems and its solution:

 Rice seedling is too old or too young
• Choose young & healthy rice seedling
• Plant seedling 10-19 days old
• for old seedling, plant slowly
• For young seedling, plant one step deeper &
you may increase the picking number
 Thin rice seedling mat
• Adjust the mat pressing rods
• Use the mat removing plate
• Slightly dry the rice seedling mat, so it may not be ruined
easily
• Plant slowly
• Recommended soil mixture : CRH and Organic soil (1:1 by
weight)

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 Common Problems Encountered

• Floating Rice Seedlings

Common Problems and its solutions:
 Soil condition like clay type soil with low water
level or no uneven/unlevelled rice field
For Clay type soil
• make water level in the field a little higher
• Plant a little faster
For Sandy soil:
• Plant while the soil is still soft right after
harrowing

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 Too deep or too shallow water level in the rice field
• Water depth should be 1-2 cm
• Too deep: more than 4cm
• Too shallow: 0 cm
 Too many straws and debris in the field
• Clean the rice field before planting
• Plant slowly
 Picking pins don’t work correctly or damage
• Replace rice picking pins with new pins
• Clean rice picking slot from time to time

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 Common Problems Encountered

• The mechanical transplanter floater push soil too much

Common problems and its solution:

 The rice field is to deep (hardpan deeper than 25cm)
• Plant slowly
 The rice field is too soft
• Drain water from the field for a few days before
planting
• Plant slowly
 The wheels of the machine are not moving correctly
• Check water of field…
• Plant slowly

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 Common Problems Encountered

• Soil stick to the transplanter wheels

Common problems and its solution:

 Clay type soil
• Make the water level a little higher
• Plant slowly
 The Rice Field is too deep
• Make the water level a little higher
• Plant slowly
• Make big turn slowly

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 Common Problems Encountered

• Distance between hills is getting too narrow

Common problems and its solution:

 Wheel slippage
• Adjust the hydraulic sensor
• Adjust the machine height for deep rice field
 The water level of the field is too low
• Recommended field water level is 1-2 cm

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 Common Problems Encountered

• Engine Trouble Shooting

Status Checkpoint Corrective action

1.Hard to start engine  Check if the main switch is in  Turn switch to “On”
with recoil “Off” position position
 Cold start (early morning)
 Check the fuel level  Pull choke lever
 Check if the fuel in the
carburettor is drained  Refuel as needed
 Push and release “Auto
Clock” for 15 seconds

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2. Engine runs  Check if the fuel is  Drain old fuel and
irregularly mixed with water add new fuel
 Check if the filter or  Wash or replace the
carburettor is clogged parts as needed

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 Common Problems Encountered

• Engine Trouble Shooting

Status Checkpoint Corrective action

3. The Engine over  Check the engine oil level  Add engine oil or replace if
heated  Check if Engine is over needed
loaded  Reduce the working load of
the machine

4. Low rpm  Check if the air cleaner is  Check/clean or replace the

clogged air cleaner if necessary

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2. Engine runs  Check if the fuel  Drain old fuel
irregularly is mixed with and add new
water fuel
 Check if the filter  Wash or
or carburettor is replace the
clogged parts as
needed

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