SSP 113 PPT A World of Region

LESSON 5
A WORLD OF
REGIONS
PRESENTED BY:
Gonzales, Angel Grace A.
Gunday, Christine Joy L.
Tajo, Earl Sean
Tenchavez, Gilchrist
Soterno, Genblitz
Sentinta, Therese Jasmin O.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Differentiate between regionalization and globalization;
2. Explain how regions are formed and kept together;
3. Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of
regionalism; and
4. Identify the factors leading to a greater integration of
the Asian region.
What is the difference
between regionalization
and globalization?
Globalization has made people aware of the world
in general, but it has also made Filipinos more
cognizant of specific areas such as Southeast Asia.
Regionalization is about regional concentration of

economic flows. Regionalism is often seen as a
political and economic phenomenon, the term
actually encompasses a broader area. It can be
examined in relation to identities, ethics, religion,
ecological sustainability, and health.
How regions are
formed and kept
together?
A region is an area of land that has
common features. Basically, regions are
formed based on various factors such as
those provided above. However, they are
mostly defined, determined, and kept
together by virtue of a law or statute
passed by the legislature branch of certain
government.
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF
REGIONALISM
ADVANTAGES
Regionalism has a better opportunities to solve
problems.
A process, and must be treated as an “emergent,,
socially constituted phenomenon”.
DISADVANTAGES
The possible disadvantage for each individual city
or country to lose their respective independence
and/or identity. They will became an dependent in
making decision.
It can be too inclusive and keep new individuals
out.
The factors leading to a greater
integration of the Asian region;
The growth of the Asian intra-regional trade.
Rise in regional income
The removal of trade barriers
Advances in production and transportation
technologies.
Countries, Regions, and Globalization
According to, Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V.
Milner the economic and political definitions of regions
vary, but there are certain basic features that everyone
can agree on.
• First, regions are “a group of countries located in
the same geographically specified area” or are “an
amalgamation of two regions or a combination of
more than two regions” organize to regulate and
“oversee flows and policy choices.”
•Second, the words regionalization and
regionalism should not be interchanged, as the
former refers to the “regional concentration of
economic policy cooperation and coordination
among countries”.
Example:
China, offers its cheap and huge workforce to
attract foreign businesses and expand trade with
countries it once considered its enemies but now
sees as markets for its goods (e.g., the United States
and Japan).
Singapore developed it harbor
facilities a first class transit port for
ships carrying different commodities
from Africa, Europe, the Middle East,
and Mainland Southeast Asia to
counties in the Asia-Pacific.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
formed during Cold War. To protect the Europe
against the threat of the Soviet Union.
Soviet Union – responded by creating its regional
alliance, the Warsaw Pact, consisting of the
Eastern European countries under the Soviet
Union.
- Imploded in December 1991, but NATO
remains in Place.
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC)
Established in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi
Arabia, and Venezuela to regulate the production and
sale of oil.
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1961
Pursue world peace and international cooperation,
human rights, national sovereignty, racial and national
equality, non-intervention, and peaceful conflict
resolution.
NAM had 120 member countries.
Finally, economic crisis compels countries to come
together.
Thai economy collapsed in 1996.
Crisis began to spread to the Asian countries.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Tried to reverse the crisis, but it was only after
the ASEAN countries along with China, Japan, and
South Korea agreed to establish an emergency fund
to anticipate a crisis that the Asian economies
stabilized. The crisis made ASEAN more “unified
and coordinated.”
Non-State Regionalism
Is the organization that is not hold by the
government which rely on the power of individuals
like private sector included financial services, law
firms, estate agents and etc.
It also provide essential serves to people in
community or society because not all essential things
will prove by the government. New regionalism
advocate such NGO Global Forum see these issues
reflection of flowed economic development and
environmental models.
Economic development are market
based, profit-driven, and hardly concerned
with social welfare, especially among poor
Challenges New regionalist is the discord
that may emerge (e.g. disagreement
surface over issues like gender and
religion.
Contemporary Challenges to Regionalism
Regionalism faces multiple challenges, the
most serious of which is the resurgence of
militant nationalism and populism.
The refusal to dismantle NATO after the

collapse of the Soviet Union became the basis
of anti-NATO rhetoric of Vladimir Putin.
Anti-immigrant sentiment along with a populist
movement has led the United Kingdom to voting
itself out of the European Union in a move that the
media termed as “Brexit” Another challenge
pertains to differing visions of what regionalism
should be for.
Western governments may see regional

organisations not simply as economic formations
but also as instruments of political
democratization.
 Non-Western and developing societies
however, may have different view regarding
globalisation, development and democracy.
Singapore, China and Russia see democracy as
an obstacle to the implementation and deepening
of economic globalisation because constant public
inquiry about economic projects and lengthy
debate slow down implementation or lead to
unclear outcomes.
Conclusion
Official regional associations now cover the
vast swaths of the world. The population of the
countries that joined the Asia-Pacific Economic
Council (APEC) alone comprised 37 percent of
the world's population in 2007. There are
countries that also part of "smaller"
organizations.
In the same way the countries will find it
difficult to reject all forms of global economic
integration, it will also be hard for them to turn
their backs on their regions. The history of
regionalism shows that regional associations
emerge as new global concerns arise. The
future of regionalism will be contingent on the
immense changes in global politics that will
emerge in the 21st century.

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LESSON 5

Regionalization is about regional concentration of

The refusal to dismantle NATO after the

Western governments may see regional

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