Approximate Estimate

UNIT- II
APPROXIMATE ESTIMATES
Learning Outcome
Unit Outcomes (UO’S) Practical Outcomes (PrO’S) Course Outcomes (CO’S)
a. Explain the necessity of
Approximate estimate in the Prepare the Approximate estimate
situation Prepare the Approximate
for the given civil engineering
b. Describe the methods used estimate for the given civil works.
in determining the engineering works.
Approximate estimate for
the given structure
c. Prepare the Approximate
estimate for the given civil
engineering works
d. Select the relevant method
of Approximate estimate for
the given structure.
e. Calculate Approximate cost
of the given structure.
Definition
• This is made to find out an approximate cost in a short time and thus enable
the responsible authority concerned to consider the financial aspect of the
scheme for according sanction to the same.
• During preparation of the estimate detailed surveying, design, drawing etc.,
are not required.
• This estimate is prepared after preliminary investigation and preliminary
surveying is conducted.
• Rates are determined either from practical knowledge or from records for
similar works.
• Approximate estimate for the main parts of a project as for buildings, services
like sanitary, water supply, drainage, electrification, roads if any, cost of land
etc., are made separately. At the end a General Abstract of cost is drawn.
Provision of contingencies @ 3% to 5% is added with the Abstract which is
the total approximate cost of the project.
Purpose of Approximate Estimate
1. Approximate estimate gives rough idea of the cost required to
complete the building.
2. Due to approximate estimate its easy to check the feasibility of the
project.
3. For government project approximate estimate is required for budget
provision and administrative approval.
4. It is necessary to find out the cost of the existing structure for the
following reasons:
i. Sale or purchase of property,
ii. Rent Fixation,
iii. Framing tax schedule of property,
iv. Insurance
Methods of Approximate Estimate
1. Plinth Area Method
2. Service Unit Method
3. Cubical Content Method
4. Typical Bay Method
5. Approximate Quantity Method
1. Plinth Area Method
•• The
cost of construction is determined by multiplying plinth
area with plinth area rate.
• The area is obtained by multiplying length and breadth (outer
dimensions of the building)
• In fixing the plinth area rate, careful observation and necessary
enquires are made in respect of quality and quantity aspect of
materials and labour, type of foundation, height of building,
roof, wood work, fixtures, number of storey’s, etc.
Plinth area rate =

2. Service Unit Method
• Every structure serve some purpose. For example, a hospital is designed to
accommodate certain number of bed. Each bed is thus considered as service unit
of hospital building.
• Whenever a structure is constructed it is possible to work out the cost of
construction per service unit.
• While preparation of approximate estimate, per bed for hospital, per class room
for schools, per student for hostel is considered.
Sr. No. Building Service Unit
1 School Per Class Room
2 Hospital Per Bed
3 Theatre Per Seat
4 Bridge Per Span
5 Stadium Per Seat
6 Hostel Per Student
7 Water Tank Per Litre
• Approximate Cost of Number of service

= X
building units
3. Cubical Content Method
• It is the method in which volume of building is
considered.(length x breadth x height)
• This method is more accurate than plinth area
method but volume of building cannot be
easily obtained.
Approximate Cost of = Rate per unit
building
Volume of building X volume
4. Typical Bay Method
• This method is used for preparing buildings having
several bays.
• Bay is a centre to centre distance between
supports. When the area of a structure consists of
similar parts such as godowns, factory sheds,
which area constructed with intermediate support
or roof trusses forming bays.
•
Approximate Cost of
building
= Number of bays X Cost per bay
5. Approximate Quantity Method
• For this method the structure is divided into two parts.
i. Foundation including plinth
ii. Superstructure
• To find the running metre rate for foundation the
approximate quantities of items such as excavation,
foundation, brick work up to plinth, and DPC are calculated
per running metre and by multiplying by the rates of these
items the rate per running metre is determined.
• Similarly, for the superstructure the price or rate per
running metre is determined from the approximate
quantities of the brick work, wood work, floor finishing, etc.
• 1)The cost of construction of Government Polytechnic Karad
Ex.
building is 2 crores for a capacity of 500 students and area of
construction about 2000 m2. Prepare approximate estimate of a
newly proposed Govt. Polytechnic building for 1,200 students
with area 5000 m2.
Solution:
By using Plinth Area Method:
Rate of construction = = ₹ 10,000/m2
Approximate cost
of proposed
Polytechnic
(5 crores)
•
Ex. 2) Prepare an approximate estimate of a town hall building having plinth area equal
to 1800 m2 .
i. Plinth area rate = ₹ 5200/ m2
ii. Special architectural treatment = 3% of cost of building
iii. Water supply and sanitary installation = 8% of cost of building
iv. Electric insulation = 8% of cost of building
v. Other services = 6% of cost of building
vi. Contingencies = 2% of overall cost of building
vii.Supervision charges = 10% of overall cost of building
Solution:
• C ₹
• Cost of Special architectural treatment = ₹ 2,80,800/-
• Cost of Water supply and sanitary installation = 8% of ₹₹ 7,48,800/-
• Cost of Electric insulation = 8% of ₹₹ 7,48,800/-
• Other services = 6% of ₹₹ 5,61,600/-
• Overall cost 7,48,8007,48,8005,61,600 ₹ 1,17,00,000/-
• Cost of Contingencies 2% of 1,17,00,000 ₹ 2,34,000/-
• Supervision charges 10% of 1,17,00,000₹ 11,70,000/-
• Therefore, Total Cost 1,17,00,000 2,34,000₹ 1,31,04,000/-
•
Ex. 3) Prepare an approximate estimate from following data for a school
building:
i. Number of classroom = 12
ii. Area of each classroom = 50 m2
iii. Area of other facilities = 150 m2
Similar school building having same specification and having built-
up area of 1750 m2 was constructed at ₹ 71,26,000.
Solution:
By using Plinth Area Method:
T
Plinth area rate = = ₹ 4072/m2
Approximate cost of school building
/-
•Ex. 4) Prepare an estimate for 3 span bridge of
40m each, the cost of existing bridge is
₹ 40,000 per m.
Solution:
Total length of bridge
Approximate cost of new bridge
/-
• 5) Prepare an estimate of a bridge having 5 spans of 40m each
Ex.
using following data:
i. the cost of existing bridge = ₹ 1.2 crores
ii. Existing bridge having 3 spans of 50 m each
Solution:
Total length of existing bridge
Cost of existing bridge per m length /m
Total length of new bridge
Approximate cost for new bridge

/- ( 1.6 Cr)
Approximate estimate of roads and
highways
• For
roads and highways per km unit is taken. The cost
of road which depends upon width of road,
topography, pavement surface, C.D. works, land
acquisition etc.
• When cost of construction per km is known, we can
easily find out approximate cost of road.
• Eg. Cost of construction of 1km road is 2,50,000,
cost of construction of 8km road is
8 x 2,50,000 = 20,00,000
Approximate estimate of Railway Project
• For railway projects it is necessity to know following things:
i. Foundation
ii. Bridges, culverts, R.O.B. and R.U.B.
iii. Office Building and Staff quarters
iv. Km post, Gradient post
v. Workshop
vi. Platform etc.
• For railway project gauge, sleepers, ballast are the common things
for all the project.
• The cost per km for similar project is considered and approximate
estimate is calculated. Land acquisition is the important point while
preparing the approximate estimate of railway project.
Approximate estimate of Bridges, Culverts
•• Approximate
estimate of bridges are prepared on the
basis of per running metre of span or per running metre
of linear water way.
• Approximate estimate of bridge depends upon roadway,
nature of bridge, depth and type of foundation etc.
• Approximate estimate of a bridge can be calculated as
bellow:
1. Find linear water way during floods.
2. Find rate of construction per metre of linear water way.
3. Cost = Rate per m total length of linear water way.
Approximate estimate of Irrigation Project
• For storage reservoir and dam, estimate is

prepared on the basis of per million cu. m of
storage capacity or per sq. m of catchment
area.
• For canals, estimate is prepared on the basis
of per km basis or per cu. m capacity of canal
or per hectare of command area.
Approximate estimate of Water Supply
Project
• The basis of preparing approximate estimate
of water supply project is the population to be
served by this project.
• Thus, by knowing cost of water supply works
per capita from similar project already
executed, approximate cost of a new project
can be worked out.

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UNIT- II

Plinth area rate =

• Approximate Cost of Number of service

Plinth area rate = = ₹ 4072/m2

Approximate cost of school building

Cost of existing bridge per m length /m

Total length of new bridge

Approximate cost for new bridge

• For storage reservoir and dam, estimate is

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